The Zhoukoudian Site Museum is located at the foot of Dragon Bone Hill in Zhoukoudian, Fangshan District, southwest of Beijing. It is an ancient human site museum and was built in 1953. In 1929, Chinese paleoanthropologist Fei Wenzhong discovered the first complete skull fossil of "Peking Man" in Dragon Bone Hill, which shocked the world. It is a world cultural heritage, a national AAAA-level scenic spot, a national key cultural relic protection unit, and one of the 100 national patriotism education demonstration bases. It is about 48 kilometers away from downtown Beijing. It is a world-famous archaeological site of ancient humans and ancient vertebrates and the birthplace of "Peking Man". The Zhoukoudian Site is a national key cultural relic protection unit. It is located in the north of Dragon Bone Hill in Zhoukoudian Town, Fangshan District, southwest of Beijing. It is the world's most abundant, systematic and valuable human site in the early Paleolithic period. From 1921 to 1927, archaeologists discovered three human tooth fossils outside the "Peking Man" cave site three times. In 1929, the skull fossil of the Peking Man was discovered, as well as artificial tools and fire remains, which became a major archaeological discovery that shocked the world. In 1930, fossils and cultural relics of the Upper Cave Man dating back about 20,000 years ago were discovered at the Zhoukoudian site. However, the ensuing wars and chaos have lost all the fossil specimens of the Peking Man and Upper Cave Man discovered since 1927, and their whereabouts are still unknown. This event has become a world mystery in the history of archaeology in the 20th century. After the founding of New China, the excavation and research of the Zhoukoudian site was resumed, and a large amount of valuable data was obtained. So far, archaeologists have excavated fossils such as skulls, mandibles, teeth representing more than 40 corpses, as well as abundant stone tools, bone tools, horn tools and fire remains. The Zhoukoudian Site Museum systematically introduces to us the living environment and living conditions of the "Peking Man" 600,000 years ago, the "New Cave Man" 100,000 years ago, and the "Upper Cave Man" 18,000 years ago. The front of the prologue hall is a three-dimensional model of Longgu Mountain, and the display cabinets are filled with various rock specimens from 400 million to 100 million years ago in the Zhoukoudian area, reflecting the geological changes of the artillery area.
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Philosophy related to the heritage
Interpretation of Zhoukoudian Site from the Perspective of Eastern Philosophy As one of the cradles of human civilization, Zhoukoudian Site carries the concept of "harmony between man and nature" from the perspective of Eastern philosophy. Eastern philosophy, especially Taoist philosophy, emphasizes the harmonious coexistence of man and nature. The discovery of Zhoukoudian Site not only reveals the lifestyle of early humans, but also shows how humans adapt to the natural environment and coexist with nature. This coincides with the idea of "following nature and living in harmony with nature" in Eastern philosophy. Here, we can see the close connection between the origin of human civilization and the natural world, which embodies the core concept of "Tao follows nature" in Eastern philosophy. Interpretation of Zhoukoudian Site from the Perspective of Western Philosophy From the perspective of Western philosophy, Zhoukoudian Site embodies more of the pursuit of "reason and knowledge". Western philosophy, especially the philosophy of the Enlightenment, emphasizes rational thinking and scientific methods. The archaeological discovery of Zhoukoudian Site is a model of the application of scientific methods to historical research. It reconstructs the living scenes of early humans through material evidence such as fossils and tools, and promotes human understanding of their own origins and evolution. This echoes the emphasis on rationality, evidence and scientific methods in Western philosophy. Every new discovery of the Zhoukoudian site is an expansion of the boundaries of human knowledge, reflecting the unremitting pursuit of truth and knowledge in Western philosophy. Comprehensive interpretation Whether it is the "unity of man and nature" in Eastern philosophy or the "reason and knowledge" in Western philosophy, the Zhoukoudian site has demonstrated the depth and breadth of human civilization in its unique way. It is not only a witness to human history, but also a source of philosophical thinking, inspiring people to reflect deeply on life, nature and knowledge. At the intersection of Eastern and Western philosophy, the Zhoukoudian site has become a bridge connecting the past and the future, nature and culture, reminding us that no matter in which philosophical system, exploring and understanding human beings themselves and their relationship with the world is always the core issue of philosophy.