Heritage with Related Tags
Swiss Alps Jungfrau-Aletsch
The extension of the Jungfrau-Aletsch-Bietschhorn Natural World Heritage Site (first inscribed in 2001) has increased the site's area from 53,900 to 82,400 hectares to the east and west. The site is an outstanding example of Alpine mountain formation and includes the most glaciated part of the range and the largest glacier in Eurasia. It hosts a wide variety of ecosystems, including successional stages formed by the retreat of glaciers due to climate change. The site is of Outstanding Universal Value not only for its beauty but also for the rich information it contains on mountain and glacier formation and ongoing climate change. It is also invaluable in illustrating ecological and biological processes, especially through planned succession. Its impressive landscapes have played an important role in European art, literature, mountaineering and Alpine tourism.
Kenya Lake System in the Great Rift Valley
The Kenyan Lake System of the East African Rift Valley is a scenic natural site consisting of three interconnected shallow lakes (Lake Bogoria, Lake Nakuru and Lake Elmenteita) in the Rift Valley Province of Kenya, covering a total area of 32,034 hectares. The site is home to 13 globally threatened bird species and is one of the world's most diverse bird species. It is the most important foraging site for the Lesser Flamingo and a major nesting and breeding site for the Great White Pelican. The site has a large mammal population, including black rhinoceros, Rothschild's giraffe, greater kudu, lion, cheetah and wild dog, and is of great value for studying important ecological processes.
Chaco Culture
For more than 2,000 years, the Pueblo people have inhabited a large area of the southwestern United States. Chaco Canyon was the main center of the Ancestral Pueblo culture from 850 to 1250 AD and the center of ceremonial, trade, and political activity in the prehistoric Four Corners region. Chaco is known for its magnificent public and ceremonial buildings and unique architecture—it features an ancient urban ceremonial center unlike anything built before or since. In addition to Chaco Culture National Historical Park, the World Heritage Site includes Aztec Ruins National Monument and several smaller Chaco sites managed by the Bureau of Land Management.
The Sundarbans
The Sundarbans Mangroves are one of the largest mangrove forests in the world (140,000 hectares) and are located on the delta of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers in the Bay of Bengal. It is adjacent to the Indian Sundarbans Frontier, inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1987. Intersected by a complex network of tidal waterways, mudflats and islets of salt-tolerant mangroves, the site is an excellent example of continuous ecological processes. The area is known for its wide variety of fauna, including 260 bird species, Bengal tigers and other endangered species such as estuarine crocodiles and Indian pythons.
Bikini Atoll Nuclear Test Site
After the Second World War, the United States decided to resume nuclear testing at Bikini Atoll in the Marshall Islands in the Pacific, a move that was closely linked to the beginning of the Cold War. The local population was forcibly displaced, and from 1946 to 1958, the United States conducted 67 nuclear tests, including the explosion of the first hydrogen bomb (1952). Bikini Atoll preserves direct tangible evidence that is important in conveying the power of nuclear tests, namely the shipwrecks that sank to the bottom of the lagoon during the 1946 tests and the huge Bravo Crater. These tests, with a power equivalent to 7,000 times that of the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima, had a significant impact on the geology and natural environment of Bikini Atoll and on the health of those exposed to radiation. Although the atoll gives a paradoxical impression of peace and paradise on earth, historically it symbolizes the advent of the nuclear age. This is the first site in the Marshall Islands to be inscribed on the World Heritage List.
Rock-Art Sites of Tadrart Acacus
This rocky massif on the border of Tassiriy 'Ajjer in Algeria is also a World Heritage Site and contains thousands of cave paintings in a variety of styles dating from 12,000 BC to 100 AD. These paintings reflect the remarkable changes in flora and fauna, as well as the lifestyles of the different peoples who emerged in the Sahara.
Al-Hijr Archaeological Site (Madâin Sâlih)
The Archaeological Site of Al-Hijr (Madâin Sâlih) is the first site in Saudi Arabia to be inscribed on the World Heritage List. Formerly known as Hegra, Al-Hijr is the best-preserved site of the Nabatean civilization south of Petra in Jordan. The site is rich in historical remains, including: large, well-preserved tombs with elaborately decorated facades dating from the 1st century BC to the 1st century AD. The site also has about 50 pre-Nabataean inscriptions and some cave paintings. Al-Hijr is a unique testimony to the Nabatean civilization. With its 111 monumental, elaborately decorated tombs and wells, the site is an outstanding example of the Nabatean architectural achievements and hydraulic expertise.
Mount Sanqingshan National Park
Sanqingshan National Park covers an area of 22,950 hectares, located in the western part of the Huaiyu Mountain Range in northeastern Jiangxi Province (eastern central China), and was inscribed on the World Heritage List for its unique landscape, which is shrouded in clouds and dotted with bizarre stone pillars and peaks: 48 granite peaks and 89 granite pillars, many of which are shaped like human or animal outlines. Huaiyu Mountain is 1,817 meters above sea level, and its natural beauty is accentuated by the juxtaposition of granite landforms with vegetation and special meteorological conditions, which form an ever-changing and fascinating landscape with bright halos on the clouds and white rainbows. The area is influenced by the subtropical monsoon and the sea, forming a temperate forest island that rises above the surrounding subtropical landscape. There are also forests and numerous waterfalls, some of which are 60 meters high, as well as lakes and springs.
Bauhaus and its Sites in Weimar, Dessau and Bernau
Between 1919 and 1933, the Bauhaus movement revolutionized architectural and aesthetic thought and practice in the 20th century. The Bauhaus buildings in Weimar, Dessau and Bernau are fundamental representatives of classical modernism, which aimed to revolutionize architecture and design. Inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1996, the site originally included buildings in Weimar (former Art School, School of Applied Arts and Haus Am Horn) and Dessau (Bauhaus Building, a group of seven master residences). The 2017 extension includes the Houses with Balconies in Dessau and the ADGB Trade Union School in Bernau, which are important contributions to the Bauhaus's philosophy of austere design, functionalism and social reform.
Phoenix Islands Protected Area
The Phoenix Island Protected Area (PIPA) is located in the South Pacific Ocean and covers 408,250 square kilometers of marine and terrestrial habitats. The protected area includes the Phoenix Islands, one of three archipelagos in Kiribati and the largest designated marine protected area and the world's largest coral reef complex. PIPA protects one of the world's largest intact marine coral island ecosystems, as well as 14 known seamounts (presumed to be extinct volcanoes) and other deep-sea habitats. There are approximately 800 known animal species in the area, including about 200 species of coral, 500 species of fish, 18 species of marine mammals, and 44 species of birds. The structure and function of the PIPA ecosystem illustrate its pristine nature and importance as a migration route and reservoir. This is the first site in Kiribati to be inscribed on the World Heritage List.
Wooden Churches of the Slovak part of the Carpathian Mountain Area
The Slovak part of the Carpathian wooden churches inscribed on the World Heritage List includes two Roman Catholic, three Protestant and three Greek Orthodox churches, built between the 16th and 18th centuries. The site is a good example of the rich local religious architectural tradition, a cross between Latin and Byzantine cultures. Due to their respective religious practices, the buildings present some typological differences in plan, interior spaces and exteriors. They bear witness to the development of the main architectural and artistic trends of the period of construction, as well as their interpretation and adaptation to a specific geographical and cultural context. The interiors are decorated with paintings and other works of art on the walls and ceilings, enriching the cultural significance of the site.
Taj Mahal
The Taj Mahal is a massive white marble mausoleum built in Agra between 1631 and 1648 by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his favorite wife. The Taj Mahal is a jewel of Indian Muslim art and one of the world's most famous masterpieces of World Heritage.
Pirin National Park
The site is located in the Pirin Mountains in southwestern Bulgaria, at altitudes between 1008 and 2914 metres, and covers over 27,000 hectares, including a diverse limestone mountain landscape with glacial lakes, waterfalls, caves and predominantly coniferous forests. The site was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1983. The extension currently covers an area of about 40,000 hectares in the Pirin Mountains, overlapping with the Pirin National Park, with the exception of two areas developed for tourism (skiing). The main part of the extension is high mountain areas with altitudes above 2000 metres, mostly covered by alpine meadows, rocky scree and peaks.
Painted Churches in the Troodos Region
The area features one of the largest complexes of churches and monasteries in the pre-Byzantine Empire. The complex consists of 10 World Heritage-listed monuments, all richly decorated with frescoes that showcase Byzantine and post-Byzantine painting in Cyprus. The complex includes small churches, whose rustic architecture contrasts with their elaborate decoration, and monasteries such as the Monastery of St. John Lampadistis.
Białowieża Forest
The Białowieża Forest World Heritage Site is a vast expanse of primeval forest, including coniferous and broadleaved trees, covering a total area of 141,885 hectares, located on the border between Poland and Belarus. This transboundary site is located on the watershed between the Baltic and Black Seas and offers excellent opportunities for biodiversity conservation. It is home to the largest population of the site’s most iconic species, the European bison.
Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park
Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 2003 and covers an area of 85,754 hectares. After the expansion, the park's total area has reached 123,326 hectares (an increase of 46%) and borders the Hin Nam Noi Nature Reserve in Lao PDR. The park's landscape is composed of limestone plateaus and tropical forests. The park's geological diversity is extremely high, with a large number of spectacular caves and underground rivers. The park has a high degree of biodiversity and many endemic species. The expansion ensures a more coherent ecosystem while providing additional protection for the water catchment area, which is essential for the integrity of the limestone landscape.
Sítio Roberto Burle Marx
Located in the west of Rio de Janeiro, the gardens are the result of a successful project that took more than 40 years to create by landscape architect and artist Roberto Burle Marx (1909-1994), who used local plants and drew on modernist ideas to create a "living work of art" and a "landscape laboratory". The gardens, which were created in 1949, have the main characteristics that define Burle Marx's landscape gardens and have influenced the development of modern gardens internationally. The gardens are characterized by sinuous forms, lush mass plantings, architectural plant arrangements, strong color contrasts, the use of tropical plants, and the integration of traditional folk culture elements. By the late 1960s, the gardens had the most representative collection of Brazilian plants, as well as other rare tropical species. In the site, 3,500 tropical and subtropical plants grow in harmony with the region's native vegetation, especially mangroves, restingas (a unique coastal tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forest), and Atlantic forests. Sítio Roberto Burle Marx demonstrates the process of the concept of ecological forms, including social cooperation, which is the basis for environmental and cultural protection. It is the first modern tropical garden to be inscribed on the World Heritage List.
Ming Tombs
The Ming Tombs are located at the foot of Tianshou Mountain, about 50 kilometers away from Beijing. The mausoleum area is surrounded by mountains, with a plain in the middle. There is a winding river in front of the mausoleum, with beautiful mountains and rivers and pleasant scenery. The thirteen imperial tombs were all built on the mountain, on the foot of the east, west and north sides, forming a complete, large-scale and magnificent mausoleum complex. The sorcerers of the Ming Dynasty believed that this was a "feng shui" wonderland and an excellent "auspicious land". Therefore, it was selected by the Ming Dynasty as the "longevity domain" for the construction of imperial tombs. The mausoleum was built in 1409 and has a history of more than 300-600 years. The mausoleum area covers an area of 40 square kilometers. It is the largest existing imperial mausoleum complex in China and even in the world, with the most mausoleums of emperors and empresses. The Thirteen Tombs is a naturally standardized mountainous area. Its mountains belong to the remnant of Taihang Mountain, connecting to Juyong in the west, Huanghua Town in the north, and Changping Prefecture in the south. It is not only a barrier for the mausoleums, but also a northern screen for the capital. Taihang Mountain starts from Zezhou, winding northward for thousands of miles, and reaches Juyongguan, where thousands of peaks stand tall and winding eastward, rising from the ground to become Tianshou Mountain (formerly known as Huangtu Mountain). The mountain is lofty, majestic, broad, and powerful. Gu Yanwu, a famous scholar in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, once wrote a poem to describe the superior situation here: "The mountains come from the south, like a flying dragon; the east foot sits on Lulong, the west ridge gallops Taihang; the rear is sitting on Huanghua (referring to Huanghua Town), and the front faces the capital; there is a Wannian residence in the middle, named Kangjiazhuang; it can accommodate millions of people, and the Mingtang is suddenly opened." This beautiful natural landscape was regarded as a Feng Shui treasure land by feudal rulers. The Ming Tombs are both a unified whole, and each mausoleum is an independent unit, and the specifications of the mausoleums are similar. Each mausoleum was built in front of a mountain. The distance between the mausoleums is as little as half a kilometer and as much as eight kilometers. Except for Siling, which is located in the southwest corner, the rest are fan-shaped and arranged on the left and right of Changling. Under the guidance of traditional Chinese Feng Shui theory, the Ming Tombs, from site selection to planning and design, paid great attention to the harmonious unity of mausoleum buildings and natural mountains, rivers and vegetation, pursuing the perfect state of "made by heaven and earth" to embody the philosophical view of "harmony between man and nature". As an outstanding representative of ancient Chinese imperial tombs, the Ming Tombs show the rich connotation of Chinese traditional culture. This layout of building mausoleums on the mountain has also been praised by foreign experts. For example, the famous British historian Joseph Needham said: The imperial mausoleum is a major achievement in Chinese architectural form. The content of its entire pattern may be the greatest example of the combination of the entire architectural part and landscape art. He commented that the Ming Tombs are "the greatest masterpiece". His experience is that "from the gatehouse, you can enjoy the view of the entire valley, and contemplate its solemn scene on an organic plane. All the buildings in the meantime are integrated with the scenery, and the wisdom of the people is well expressed by the skills of architects and builders." British urban planner Edmund Bacon also highly praised the artistic achievements of the Ming Tombs. He believed that "the most magnificent example of 'movement' in architecture is the tomb of the emperor of the Ming Dynasty." He pointed out: the layout of the mausoleum complex built on the mountain "is so magnificent, and the volume within the entire valley is used to commemorate the dead king." They vividly depicted the organic combination of Ming Tombs architecture and natural landscape. In 2003, the Ming Tombs were included in the World Heritage List. The World Heritage Committee commented: The royal tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties were carefully selected according to the Feng Shui theory, and a large number of buildings were cleverly placed underground. It is the product of human change of nature, embodies traditional architectural and decorative ideas, and explains the world view and power view of feudal China that lasted for more than 5,000 years. The Ming Tombs are the general name for the royal mausoleums of the 13 emperors after the Ming Dynasty moved its capital to Beijing. They are Changling (Chengzu), Xianling (Renzong), Jingling (Xuanzong), Yuling (Yingzong), Maoling (Xianzong), Tailing (Xiaozong), Kangling (Wuzong), Yongling (Shizong), Zhaoling (Muzong), Dingling (Shenzong), Qingling (Guangzong), Deling (Xizong), and Siling (Sizong), so they are called the Thirteen Tombs. The scenic spots that have been opened in the scenic area include Changling, Zhaoling, Dingling, and Shenlu. It is one of the best preserved mausoleums of Chinese emperors. In 2011, the National Tourism Administration approved the Ming Tombs Scenic Area as a national 5A-level tourist attraction.
Camino Real de Tierra Adentro
The Camino Real de Tierra Adentro is the Royal Inland Route, also known as the Silver Route. The inscribed properties include 55 sites and 5 existing World Heritage sites located on a 1,400-kilometer section of the 2,600-kilometer route, which stretches from Mexico City northwards to the U.S. states of Texas and New Mexico. The route was actively used as a trade route for 300 years, from the mid-16th century to the 19th century, mainly for the transportation of silver from the mines of Zacatecas, Guanajuato and San Luis Potosí, as well as mercury imported from Europe. Although the route was driven and consolidated by the mining industry, it also facilitated the establishment of social, cultural and religious links, especially between Spanish and Amerindian cultures.
Putorana Plateau
The site, which matches the size of the Putolansky State Nature Reserve, is located in the central part of the Putolan Plateau in northern Central Siberia. It is approximately 100 km north of the Arctic Circle. The World Heritage-listed part of the plateau contains a complete set of subarctic and Arctic ecosystems in an isolated mountain range, including pristine taiga, forest tundra, tundra and Arctic desert systems, as well as unspoiled cold-water lake and river systems. A major reindeer migration route passes through the property, an exceptional, large-scale and increasingly rare natural phenomenon.
Simatai Great Wall Scenic Area
The Simatai Great Wall is located in Gubeikou Town in the northeast of Miyun District, Beijing. It starts from Wangjing Tower in the east and ends at Houchuankou in the west. It is 5.4 kilometers long and has 35 watchtowers. The whole section of the Great Wall is ingeniously conceived, uniquely designed, novel in structure, and of various shapes. There are both the common "city wall type" and the "half-side wall type" built to adapt to the mountain terrain of cliffs; there are both horse trails that stretch along the gentle slope and "ladders to the sky" stacked with large steps on the steep slope. It has the five unique characteristics of "dangerous, dense, strange, clever, and complete". The Simatai Reservoir divides the Great Wall into two sections, east and west. There are 16 watchtowers in the east section and 18 in the west section. The watchtowers are dense, varied in form, and different in structure. The average distance between the towers is only 140 meters, which is extremely magnificent. There are two most prominent watchtowers on the peak of the eastern section of the Great Wall, namely the Fairy Tower and the Wangjing Tower. In particular, the Wangjing Tower is built on a steep peak with an altitude of 1,000 meters, with excellent views and a view of Beijing City from a distance. Simatai Great Wall was listed as a World Heritage Site in 1987. It is a national key cultural relic protection unit and the only ancient architectural site in my country that retains its original appearance from the Ming Dynasty. Simatai Great Wall is divided into two sections, east and west, by Yuanyang Lake. Yuanyang Lake is formed by the confluence of hot springs that flow all year round at 37°C and cold springs that are freezing cold, making the lake water half cold and half warm. In the severe winter, the lake is still rippling with blue waves and mist rising. The highest point of the Great Wall is the "Fairy Tower", which requires climbing the "ladder to heaven". The ladder to heaven is 100 meters high, with a slope of 85 degrees, almost vertical, and it is impossible to conquer it without courage. Looking up, the brick and stone steps are only wide enough for feet, with steep cliffs on both sides. The step in the middle is as thin as a line, as thin as a blade, and as steep as a stand. People can't help but sigh and take a breath of cold air when looking at the ladder. Climbing up the Fairy Tower, the scenery is indeed more magnificent and beautiful. Looking down at the cliffs under your feet, they are as sharp as a knife and an axe. A few wisps of mist hang on the cliffs, making them even more steep and dangerous. The Jinshanling Great Wall and the Simatai Great Wall in the northwest are integrated into one, just like a dragon about to take off. The enemy towers of different sizes and shapes on the Great Wall are built on various commanding heights just right, majestic, cold and upright. The entire section of the Great Wall is perfect and harmonious, magnificent, and shows its ingenuity, strangeness, majesty and magnificence everywhere. Look at the continuous Yanshan Mountains surging up, stacking up countless fantasies; look at the boundless North China Plain, which stretches all the way to the horizon as far as the eye can see. In this broad and strange scenery, one can't help but imagine.
Belfries of Belgium and France
In 2005, 23 belfries in northern France and the Belfry of Gembloux in Belgium were inscribed on the World Heritage List, as an extension of the 32 Belfry of Belgium that were inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1999. These belfries were built between the 11th and 17th centuries, combining Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque architectural styles. They are an important symbol of civil liberties won. While towns in Italy, Germany and the UK mainly chose to build town halls, parts of northwestern Europe focused more on building belfries. Compared to the donjon (a symbol of the lord) and the belfry (a symbol of the church), the belfry was the third tower in the urban landscape, symbolizing the power of the municipal officials. Over the centuries, they gradually became a symbol of the influence and wealth of the town.
Summer Palace
The Summer Palace is the largest and best-preserved imperial garden in China, and one of the four famous gardens in China (the other three are Chengde Mountain Resort, Suzhou Humble Administrator's Garden, and Suzhou Lingering Garden). It is located in Haidian District, Beijing, 15 kilometers away from the urban area of Beijing, and covers an area of about 290 hectares. It is a large natural landscape garden built on the site of Kunming Lake and Wanshou Mountain, based on the scenery of West Lake in Hangzhou, and absorbing some design techniques and artistic conception of Jiangnan gardens. It is also the best-preserved imperial palace and imperial garden, and is known as the Royal Garden Museum. The Summer Palace was originally the imperial palace and garden of the Qing Dynasty. Its predecessor was the Qingyi Garden. It was the last garden built among the Three Hills and Five Gardens (the Three Hills refer to the Longevity Hill, the Fragrant Hill and the Jade Spring Hill. The three hills have the Qingyi Garden, the Jingyi Garden and the Jingming Garden respectively. In addition, there are the nearby Changchun Garden and the Yuanming Garden, collectively known as the Five Gardens). Construction began in 1750 and was completed in 1764. It covers an area of 290 hectares, of which about three quarters are covered by water. Before Emperor Qianlong ascended the throne, four large royal gardens had been built in the western suburbs of Beijing. The four gardens from Haidian to Xiangshan formed their own system and lacked organic connections with each other. The "Wengshan Lake" in the middle became an empty area. In the 15th year of Emperor Qianlong's reign (1750), Emperor Qianlong used 4.48 million taels of silver to rebuild the Qingyi Garden here to honor his mother, Empress Xiaosheng. With this as the center, the four gardens on both sides were connected into one, forming a 20-kilometer-long royal garden area from the current Tsinghua Garden to Xiangshan. In the 10th year of Emperor Xianfeng's reign (1860), the Qingyi Garden was burned down by the British and French allied forces. In the 14th year of Emperor Guangxu's reign (1888), Empress Dowager Cixi used silver (according to experts, it should be 5 to 6 million taels of silver) in the name of raising naval funds. Lei Tingchang, the seventh-generation descendant of Yangshi Lei, presided over the reconstruction and renamed it the Summer Palace as a summer resort. In the 26th year of Emperor Guangxu's reign (1900), the Summer Palace was destroyed by the "Eight-Nation Alliance" and many treasures were looted. It was restored in the 29th year of Emperor Guangxu's reign (1903). Later, during the warlords' melee and the Kuomintang's rule, it was destroyed again. After 1949, the government continued to allocate funds for repairs. On March 4, 1961, the Summer Palace was announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. In November 1998, it was included in the World Heritage List. On May 8, 2007, the Summer Palace was officially approved by the National Tourism Administration as a national 5A tourist attraction. In 2009, the Summer Palace was selected by the China World Records Association as the largest existing royal garden in China. The Summer Palace has many world records and China records.
Fossil Hominid Sites of South Africa
The Taung Skull Site is an extension of the site inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1999, where the famous Taung skull, a specimen of Australopithecus africanus, was discovered in 1924. The Macapan Valley is also located within the site, where many archaeological caves show traces of human habitation and evolution dating back to about 3.3 million years ago. The area contains important elements for determining the origin and evolution of humans. The fossils found there have allowed the identification of several early ape specimens, especially Paranthropus, dating back to 4.5 to 2.5 million years ago, as well as evidence of the use of fire by humans between 1.8 and 1 million years ago.
Tongariro National Park
In 1993, Tongariro became the first site to be inscribed on the World Heritage List under the revised criteria for cultural landscapes. The mountains at the heart of the park are of cultural and religious significance to the Maori people, symbolising the spiritual connection between the community and its environment. The park contains active and extinct volcanoes, diverse ecosystems and some spectacular landscapes.
W-Arly-Pendjari Complex
Inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1996, the transnational extension of the West Niger National Park (Benin, Burkina Faso) covers a large area of intact Sudano-Sahelian savannah, with vegetation types including grassland, shrubland, wooded savannah and extensive corridor forests. It includes the largest and most important terrestrial, semi-aquatic and aquatic ecosystems in the West African savannah belt. The site is a refuge for wildlife species that have disappeared or are seriously threatened in other parts of West Africa. It is home to the largest elephant population in West Africa and most of the typical large mammals of the region, such as African manatees, cheetahs, lions and leopards. It is also home to the only viable lion population in the region.
Jinshanling Great Wall
The Jinshanling Great Wall stretches across the Yanshan branch at the junction of Luanping County, Chengde City, Hebei Province and Miyun County, Beijing. It is connected to the Simatai Great Wall in the east and the Gubeikou Great Wall in the west. It is located at the intersection of Beijing, Tianjin, Liaoning and Inner Mongolia. The Jinshanling Great Wall is located at 133 kilometers of National Highway 101, 130 kilometers from downtown Beijing, 90 kilometers from Chengde Mountain Resort, and 200 kilometers from Mulan Paddock. It is an important part of the golden tourism line in northern Beijing. It was built in the first year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1368 AD) and was presided over by General Xu Da. In the first year of Longqing (1567 AD), Qi Jiguang, the general of Jizhen, a famous anti-Japanese general, and Tan Lun, the governor of Ji and Liao, continued to build and rebuilt the Great Wall built by Xu Da. The Jinshanling Great Wall starts from Gubeikou, a famous pass in history, in the west and ends at the towering Wangjing Tower in the east. It is 10.5 kilometers long, with 5 passes, 67 watchtowers and 3 beacon towers along the way. It is famous for its wide view, dense watchtowers, unique landscape, exquisite architectural art, sound military defense system and well-preserved. Jinshanling is 700 meters above sea level. When you climb the mountain, you can see the mountains like waves in the north, the Simatai Reservoir like a mirror in the east and the Miyun Reservoir sparkling in the south. The Great Wall is built on the mountains and is ups and downs between the mountains and rivers. The situation is extremely magnificent. In particular, the watchtowers here are dense, exquisitely constructed and diverse in form. It is incomparable to the Great Walls in Badaling, Shanhaiguan and Jiayuguan. It is one of the tourist attractions being developed in the Great Wall. The Jinshanling Great Wall is winding, with a wide view, dense watchtowers and magnificent scenery. There are high mountains and steep ridges inside and outside the Great Wall, and the vast forests are suitable for hiking and photography in spring, summer, autumn and winter. As a part of the Great Wall, Jinshanling Great Wall was listed as a World Cultural Heritage in 1987 and was included in the third batch of national key cultural relics protection units in 1988. Jinshanling Great Wall is also a national scenic spot and a national 5A tourist attraction. "Jinshanling-Simatai Great Wall" was rated as the seventh of China's top ten autumn colors by the 11th issue of "National Geographic China" in 2010. The article wrote: The Great Wall is the most luxurious mountain line in the world, the most beautiful viewing platform, and the most profound historical ruins. There are too many angles to see the beauty of the Great Wall, and its beauty cannot be fully expressed in words.
Shanhaiguan
Shanhaiguan is an ancient cultural city with a long history. It is one of the representative images of the world cultural heritage - the Great Wall of China. Shanhaiguan Scenic Area is located 15 kilometers east of Qinhuangdao City. It was built in the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty (1381). It is the easternmost end of the Great Wall and a city gate with a complete defense system. It was an important military fortress in history. Shanhaiguan is the starting point of the Great Wall. It is also known as the "No. 1 Pass in the World". It is a historical and cultural ancient city and a tourist summer resort with a collection of famous places and historical sites, beautiful scenery and pleasant climate. The main scenic spots are Changshou Mountain Scenic Area, Crocodile Lake, Jiaoshan Great Wall, Laolongtou, Meng Jiangnu Temple, Meng Jiangnu Garden, Xuanyang Cave, and Yansai Lake. The main purpose of visiting Shanhaiguan is to visit the East Gate Zhenyuan Tower, which is the "No. 1 Pass in the World". The gate is about 13 meters high and is divided into two floors. It is beautiful and majestic. When you climb the tower, you can see the rippling sea on one side and the winding Great Wall on the other side, which makes you feel heroic. Under the eaves of the upper floor on the west side of the building, there is a plaque with the words "The First Pass in the World" written by Xiao Xian, a calligrapher of the Ming Dynasty. The strokes are vigorous and powerful, and they are integrated with the rules of the tower. Near the Shanhaiguan Tower, there is also a Great Wall Museum, which exhibits the humanities, history, military activities and cultural relics related to the Shanhaiguan Great Wall. On May 8, 2007, the Shanhaiguan Scenic Area in Qinhuangdao City was officially approved by the National Tourism Administration as a national 5A tourist attraction.
Zhoukoudian Site
The Zhoukoudian Site Museum is located at the foot of Dragon Bone Hill in Zhoukoudian, Fangshan District, southwest of Beijing. It is an ancient human site museum and was built in 1953. In 1929, Chinese paleoanthropologist Fei Wenzhong discovered the first complete skull fossil of "Peking Man" in Dragon Bone Hill, which shocked the world. It is a world cultural heritage, a national AAAA-level scenic spot, a national key cultural relic protection unit, and one of the 100 national patriotism education demonstration bases. It is about 48 kilometers away from downtown Beijing. It is a world-famous archaeological site of ancient humans and ancient vertebrates and the birthplace of "Peking Man". The Zhoukoudian Site is a national key cultural relic protection unit. It is located in the north of Dragon Bone Hill in Zhoukoudian Town, Fangshan District, southwest of Beijing. It is the world's most abundant, systematic and valuable human site in the early Paleolithic period. From 1921 to 1927, archaeologists discovered three human tooth fossils outside the "Peking Man" cave site three times. In 1929, the skull fossil of the Peking Man was discovered, as well as artificial tools and fire remains, which became a major archaeological discovery that shocked the world. In 1930, fossils and cultural relics of the Upper Cave Man dating back about 20,000 years ago were discovered at the Zhoukoudian site. However, the ensuing wars and chaos have lost all the fossil specimens of the Peking Man and Upper Cave Man discovered since 1927, and their whereabouts are still unknown. This event has become a world mystery in the history of archaeology in the 20th century. After the founding of New China, the excavation and research of the Zhoukoudian site was resumed, and a large amount of valuable data was obtained. So far, archaeologists have excavated fossils such as skulls, mandibles, teeth representing more than 40 corpses, as well as abundant stone tools, bone tools, horn tools and fire remains. The Zhoukoudian Site Museum systematically introduces to us the living environment and living conditions of the "Peking Man" 600,000 years ago, the "New Cave Man" 100,000 years ago, and the "Upper Cave Man" 18,000 years ago. The front of the prologue hall is a three-dimensional model of Longgu Mountain, and the display cabinets are filled with various rock specimens from 400 million to 100 million years ago in the Zhoukoudian area, reflecting the geological changes of the artillery area.
Badaling Great Wall Scenic Area
The Badaling Great Wall is located at the north entrance of the Guangou Ancient Road in Jundu Mountain, Yanqing District, Beijing. It is known as one of the nine fortresses in the world. It is the outpost of Juyongguan, an important pass of the Great Wall. It is the best preserved and most representative of the Ming Great Wall. Therefore, it is the earliest section of the Great Wall to be opened to tourists. The pass of the Badaling Great Wall is a trapezoidal shape with narrow east and wide west. It was built in the 18th year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty (1505) and was repaired during the Jiajing and Wanli years. There are two gates in the pass. The east gate is inscribed with "Juyong Waizhen" and was engraved in the 18th year of Jiajing (1539); the west gate is inscribed with "North Gate Lock Key" and was engraved in the 10th year of Wanli (1582). Both gates are brick and stone structures, with platforms on the archways. There are passages on the north and south of the platform, connecting the walls of the pass, and battlements are built around the platform. It was said in ancient times that "the danger of Juyong is not in the pass but in Badaling". This section of the Great Wall is steep and commanding, combining majestic and steep, beautiful and verdant. After the restoration of the Guancheng and part of the city wall in 1953, it was opened as a tourist area. After several renovations, the section available for sightseeing is 3,741 meters, including 1,176 meters in the south section and 2,565 meters in the north section, with a total of 16 enemy towers. In March 1961, the "Great Wall - Badaling" was identified as the first batch of national cultural relics protection units; in 1982, it was listed as a national key scenic spot; in 1986, it was rated as the first of the top ten scenic spots in the country; in 1987, it was included in the "World Cultural Heritage List" by UNESCO; in 1992, it was rated as the first in the "Beijing Tourism World's Best"; in 1995, the Badaling Great Wall was named the "National Patriotism Education Base" by the China Caring for the Next Generation Working Committee. From 2000 to 2009, more than 500 heads of state, heads of government or leaders of the ruling party from all over the world climbed the Badaling Great Wall. On May 8, 2007, the Badaling Great Wall was officially approved by the National Tourism Administration as a national 5A-level tourist attraction. In addition to the Great Wall, Badaling Scenic Area also has the Great Wall Stele Forest, Wulang Statue, Stone Buddha Temple Stone Statue, Goldfish Pond, Chadaoliang, Qi Jiguang Garden, Yuan Chonghuan Garden, Great Wall Stele Forest Garden, Chadao Ancient City and other attractions. Now, Badaling has initially formed a tour system with a strong sense of hierarchy, with the open section of the Great Wall, the China Great Wall Museum, and the Great Wall Full-Circle Cinema as the main body, three free scenic parks as auxiliary, and the two subsidiary scenic spots of the Remaining Great Wall and Chadao Ancient City as supplements.
Western Qing Tombs
The Western Qing Tombs are located in Yi County, Hebei Province, in the Beijing-Tianjin-Baoding triangle, with a total area of 237 square kilometers. It is a typical ancient building complex of the Qing Dynasty. It was listed as a World Cultural Heritage in November 2000 and is a national 5A-level scenic spot. The Western Qing Tombs were built in 1730 and are the burial place of four emperors, Yongzheng, Jiaqing, Daoguang, and Guangxu, and more than 80 concubines. It is the largest, most complete, and most complete ancient royal mausoleum complex in my country. The Western Qing Tombs scenic area has a beautiful ecological environment, with Yunmeng Mountain in the west, Yongning Mountain in the north, Jinlongyu in the east, and East and West Huagai Mountain in the south. It is surrounded by the Yishui River and four artificial lakes such as Longhu Lake are scattered in between. The largest ancient pine forest in North China is scattered throughout the scenic area, with a forest coverage rate of 68%. The air quality here meets the national first-level standard, and the negative ion content is as high as 10,000 per cubic centimeter. It is praised as "a natural oxygen bar where you can breathe deeply."