Yang Opera is a part of the native folk art of Zhangjiajie. Zhangjiajie Yang Opera is a branch of Yang Opera, belonging to the Northern Yang Opera, but there are differences between Shanghe Tune and Xiahe Tune! There is not much difference in the performance of the play! But in terms of music, each has its own style and is self-contained. Zhangjiajie Yang Opera is popular in the Zhangjiajie area centered on Dayong. The specific date of the formation of Yang Opera cannot be verified in the classics. According to the recollections of old Yang Opera artists, Yang Opera had already been formed about 200 years ago. There are two theories about the name of Yang Opera. One is that it is a play performed by farmers and Yangchun people. Most of the artists are rural farmers and have performed in rural areas for a long time, so it is called "Yang Opera". Another theory is that because Nuo Opera and Yang Opera are performed in the same class, Nuo Opera is performed to entertain ghosts and gods, so it is called "Yin Opera". Yang Opera obviously also has a performance of paying tribute to the gods to repay Nuo wishes, but singing Yang Opera on the stage in front of the courtyard is mainly for entertainment, so it is called "Yang Opera". Yang Opera is the most important local opera in Zhangjiajie, especially in Sangzhi and Yongding. Sangzhi Yang Opera originated from the flower drum in northwestern Hunan, and is known for its melodious singing and warm musical atmosphere. In 1935, the Yongshun Liulangxuan Yang Opera Troupe came to Hongjiaguan for performance and was introduced. In the mid-1940s, local gentry He Xinglou, Wei Runwu, Gu Caiqin and others hired Zhang Yawu, a Yang Opera artist from Shidixi, Yongshun County, as their teacher, and took in 22 apprentices. They set up a Yang Opera Troupe, taught their apprentices, and performed in villages and villages. Gu Zhizhuang, Liu Fangbao, Xiao Anlai and others were the best artists of the troupe. In addition to being spread in Hongjiaguan Township, Sangzhi Yang Opera is also spread in Daguquan, Guhu and other townships. Yongding Yang Opera is also popular among local people and drama audiences from inside and outside the province. Since the Ming Dynasty, when the Tan family migrated from Shizhou in western Hubei, it became popular in the Maogang Tusi and Jiaoziya areas, forming the Yuxi and Xiniu Tan family (Tujia) troupes. In the early years of the Republic of China, it had spread to the Lishui River Valley. The basic tune of the singing style originated from the "Liangshan Tune" in Chongqing. The content and form of the singing have the characteristics of "Baiyu Song and Dance". Dayongyang Opera was originally called "Three Little Operas" (Xiaosheng, Xiaodan, and Qiaochou). The plot was vulgar, the tunes were monotonous, and there was only a big tube (Huqin) for accompaniment. After several generations of artists such as Du Congshan and Du Songxia absorbed the percussion instruments of Han Opera, integrated the lantern tunes, folk song tunes, and the performance routines of Jinghe Opera, facial makeup, and costumes, it has formed a unique Tujia opera. On July 16, 1958, the state government approved it as a folk professional troupe. Then, folk operas, music, singing styles, and performance routines such as Yang Opera, Silk Strings, and Nuoyuan were collected, sorted out, and improved. The newly-edited costume play "Peach Blossom Pretends to Be Crazy", the string play "Autumn River", the Nuoyuan play "Watching Flowers" and the new play "Red Flag Flying on the Earthen Blast Furnace" have won state and provincial awards respectively. Performance form Yang Opera focuses on work and less martial arts, and mostly performs literary plays, family plays, and tragedies, with a strong sense of life. The female role is the first in the Yang Opera of Zhangjiajie. The singing of Yang Opera consists of two parts: the main tune and the minor tune, with a total of 17 tunes. The singing of the main tune is sung in a combination of true and false voices, and the tail tune suddenly turns up an octave, which is called "narrow tone" in the jargon. The flavor characteristics of Dayong Yang Opera are in the narrow tone. The "Yang" in "Yang Opera" says that Dayong is located on the south of the Lishui River, the second says that the opera was inherited and developed by the people of Yangchun, and the third says that "Yanghualiu" is homophonic with "Yang", and "Yanghualiu" is suspected of being lewd, so it was named "Yang Opera". Nuotang Opera is often performed on the same stage with Yang Opera, and the two also influence each other in art. Yang Opera transplanted Nuo Opera repertoires and absorbed Nuo Opera singing styles; Nuo Opera borrowed from Yang Opera facial makeup and removed the face shell; some old Yang Opera artists can perform Nuo Opera repertoires such as "Begging for Wealth" and "Carrying Yang Gong". The "Three Women's Plays" of Nuotang Opera, "Meng Jiangnu", "Dragon King's Daughter" and "Pang's Daughter", have also been performed by Yang Opera troupes in various places. Chenhe Opera also has a more obvious influence on the development of Yang Opera. In the early days, Yang Opera mainly performed small plays. Later, it went from stalls to the stage, from rural areas to cities, and gradually performed big plays. The roles and professions became increasingly rich. Some professions were directly taken from Chenhe Opera. In terms of music, some transitional music brands of Chenhe Opera were adopted, some repertoires of Chenhe Opera were transplanted, and some artistic expression techniques and performance programs of Chenhe Opera were introduced. The stage dialect of Zhangjiajie Yang Opera is based on the Zhangjiajie dialect. Its characteristics are clear level and oblique tones, more erhua rhymes, and the five tones of yinping, yangping, shang, qu and ru. The singing style of Yang Opera belongs to the folk song structure, which is divided into two categories: "main tune" and "minor tune"! The "main tune" is mainly {Zhenggong tune}! There are also {1Gan Diao}{Golden Money Tune}{Yue Tune}{Tongguan Tune}{Clown Tune}{Yin Tune}{Cibei Tune}{Beihe Tune}{Qi Zi Tune}, etc.! There is no difference between men and women, and the singing style has formed "Guide Board", "Rolling Board", "Sanban", "Shouting", "Ai Zi", "First-class", "Second-class", "Third-class", "Flowing Water" and other board changes. Its characteristic is the singing method of "combining true and false voices"! "Golden Thread Hanging Gourd" is the key to Zhangjiajie Yang Opera that distinguishes it from other local Yang Operas. This is the most unique singing method of the Tujia people to integrate the mountain calls into drama! Novel and strange! It has great penetrating power of rhyme, which is one of the unique Chinese dramas! Its singing method must be combined with true and false voices! Use real voice to sing the lyrics, and use false voice to turn up an octave to drag the tune! It is unique among all kinds of dramas in the country! This singing style is derived from the folk song flavor of the Tujia people! After singing the mountain songs of the Tujia people, they must shout with a small voice. This shout is melodious, passionate and high-pitched, and it is the same for both men and women! The singing of the three minors of Yang Opera (Xiaosheng, Xiaoqiao and Xiaodan) just borrows and artistically preserves this special technique! This ingenious combination and use of true and false voices! It not only reflects the rough and bold character of the Tujia people, but also shows the unique style and infinite charm of Yang Opera singing! Tujia men, women, old and young can hum a few words in production and life! However, it is difficult for outsiders to imitate and sing this unique charm! The singing of Yang Opera has created a special local charm! Features The performance characteristics of Zhangjiajie Yang Opera are heavy work and less martial arts, and more literary dramas, family dramas, tragedies, and a strong sense of life. The female role is the first among all the lines in Yang Opera. Zhangjiajie Yang Opera is quite different from other places. The biggest difference is the combination of true and false voices. The first half of the sentence is in the natural voice, and the second half is octave higher. People call it "golden thread hanging gourd", which is quite difficult. Zhangjiajie's Yang Opera is the only one in the country that sings like this. The special singing style of "golden thread hanging gourd" in Dayong Yang Opera is praised by experts as "a unique one in Sanxiang and a wonder in Wuxi", and can be "comparable to Huangmei Opera". However, it is not an easy task for actors to sing it well. According to different artistic styles, Yang Opera can be divided into two artistic schools: the north road and the south road. Historically, the southern Luyang Opera was popular in Jishou, Luxi, Fenghuang, Mayang, Huaihua, Zhijiang, Qianyang, Huitong, Xinhuang, Xupu, and Songtao, Tongren, Yuping, Tianzhu, Jinping, Liping and other counties and cities in Guizhou, while the northern Luyang Opera was popular in Yuanling, Guzhang, Yongshun, Dayong, Sangzhi, Longshan, Baojing, Huayuan, Hefeng, Laifeng in Hubei, Youyang, Xiushan in Sichuan and other counties and cities. Yang Opera was also named after the county, and was called Dayong Yang Opera, Jishou Yang Opera, Fenghuang Yang Opera, Yuanling Yang Opera, Huaihua Yang Opera, Qianyang Yang Opera, etc. (No pictures, welcome to provide.) (No pictures, welcome to provide.)