Zhidan sheepskin fan drum is a unique Han drum art that is popular in Zhidan County, Shaanxi Province. It is a drum music art in northern Shaanxi that is comparable to Ansai waist drum and is a Shaanxi intangible cultural heritage protection project. Zhidan County, Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province is the active place of Zhidan sheepskin fan drum. Zhidan County was formerly known as Baoan County. Baoan County has a long history that can be traced back to the Song Dynasty. Xiji belonged to Di, Baidi in the Spring and Autumn Period, Xiongnu in the Three Kingdoms and Jin Dynasty, and Yanzhou in the Sui Dynasty. In 1269, the Yuan Dynasty reduced Baoanzhou to Baoan County. In 1936, Zhidan County was named in memory of the national hero Liu Zhidan. When the Zhidan sheepskin fan drum was formed and how many years of historical changes it has undergone cannot be verified due to the lack of relevant information and relevant literature records. However, in the initial collection and excavation of the Zhidan fan drum, through visiting old artists, insiders and referring to the limited information such as foreign experience, from the perspective of its formation, deduction, development and change, there is a certain historical period and development space. Therefore, some of its basic characteristics are formed: (1) Zhidan sheepskin fan drum has evolved along with the development of production and lifestyle of ancient people, forming a dependence on nature to deal with nature and seek peace; (2) Zhidan sheepskin fan drum has evolved along with the worship of folk customs of human survival by folk shamans; (3) Zhidan sheepskin fan drum has evolved along with the country's collection and excavation of folk art, forming the uniqueness of local cultural characteristics; (4) Zhidan sheepskin fan drum has formed its originality in terms of action design, scene layout, costume production, music arrangement, and exquisite props; (5) Zhidan sheepskin fan drum has participated in celebrations during large-scale festive occasions such as the Spring Festival and the Lantern Festival, thus forming its procedurality; (6) Zhidan sheepskin fan drum has a reasonable configuration of percussion instruments, a novel and unique drum score, a grand momentum, and a This is the difference between it and other folk arts; (7) Zhidan sheepskin fan drum wind and percussion music is accompanied by the big drum, small drum, big cymbals, small cymbals, Beijing gongs, as well as low and high suonas commonly used in folk dances in northern Shaanxi, thus forming its similarity; (8) Zhidan sheepskin fan drum was originally used by the folk to drive away wild beasts, then developed into a square dance art that the masses love to hear and see, thus forming its legendary nature; (9) Zhidan sheepskin fan drum is mainly accompanied by suona and directed by drums, thus forming the guiding characteristics of suona as the main instrument and drum vibration; (10) Zhidan sheepskin fan drum's percussion and wind music are not as complicated and gorgeous as some other music, but show a special simple beauty and rustic beauty, thus forming the simple beauty characteristics of the modulation pattern and gong and drum notation. The production of Zhidan sheepskin fan drum props has very strict requirements on craftsmanship and high requirements on the quality of materials. The sheepskin is made of top-grade green grass board sheepskin (spring sheepskin), and one sheepskin can be used to make two fan drums at most. The iron frame is made of high-quality steel and forged by the best blacksmiths in the folk. During the production process, the iron bars are forged into iron bars that are about an inch wide and about a centimeter thick, and then the iron bars are rolled into a fan-shaped iron frame. The connection is the handle, and the junction of the handle and the fan frame has a pattern that looks like an eye, called a dragon eye. There are three inverted iron circles with symmetrical ridges twisted in a triangle at the lower end of the handle, and each circle has three male and female small rings, which implies the meaning of three-three-nine linked rings. The circular cross-section is round and flat, and this ring has the connotation of folk totem. The flat round ring is the female ring, and the round ring is the male ring, and the male and female rings are nested and connected. The entire iron frame and iron ring should not be welded without leaving gaps. The leather surface is wrapped with green grass board sheepskin from the outside to the inside, and the sheepskin surface is tightened and fixed on the iron frame without any nails or rivets. After the sheepskin is stretched, it cannot be used directly, cannot be dried immediately, and cannot be exposed to the sun. It can only be placed in a ventilated and dry place to dry naturally before use. The diameter of the Zhidan sheepskin fan drum is about 45 cm, 30 cm up and down, and the handle is about 20 cm long. Various patterns and patterns are printed on the drum surface, and the handle is wrapped with red sticks. The hammer is made of soft, fiber-rich high-quality wood. After repeated polishing, it is made into a wooden stick about 40 cm long and 0.5 cm thick. Then, colored strips of various colors are hung on the end of the stick to enhance the overall artistic effect of the Zhidan fan drum. The Zhidan sheepskin fan drum has evolved from a single performance to a group performance, from a Han folk sacrificial dance to a group square dance, and from an ancient spontaneous early folk art to a comprehensive Han folk dance art with complete elements. The Zhidan sheepskin fan drum belongs to the art of Wenchang drumming, which can be performed by both men and women. Generally, a queue of 50 men and 50 women is used. Men wear red scarves on their heads, white vests on their upper bodies, bloomers on their lower bodies, and black cloth shoes on their feet; women wear flower headdresses on their heads, red embroidered clothes on their upper bodies, green colored pants on their lower bodies, and embroidered shoes on their feet. When dancing, both men and women hold drums in their left hands and mallets in their right hands. In the sonorous and enthusiastic sound of gongs and drums and the passionate and unrestrained sound of suona, they constantly change their formations and movements, sometimes fierce and sometimes gentle. The drums are crisp and the ringing sound is loud and clear. In the sound of drums, ringing sound, suona sound, and percussion music, supplemented by beautiful body movements and ancient national art costumes, it becomes a colorful world and an ocean of art. Its timbre is crisp and loud, its movements are rough and fierce, and its costumes are extremely strange and unique, giving people spirit and strength. There are two forms of performance of Zhidan sheepskin fan drum: marching drum and field drum. The movements mainly include basic routines such as head drum, kicking and turning drum, drum pair, and running drum. The rhythm changes from deep to cheerful, and the mood reveals masculine righteousness, showing the spirit of struggle and struggle, showing heroic posture in elegance, and spirituality in depth. (I) The routine of the drum: the dancer first steps on the left foot, then the right foot, and while taking the fourth step, the left hand goes around the top of the head to coordinate the body to rotate 180 degrees, and then faces the starting point. This kind of action is repeated, forming the drum. (II) Kick and turn drum: the dancer raises the left and right hands to beat the drum at the same time on the first beat of the first measure, and then steps out the left leg; the left and right hands move down to the middle of the legs to beat the drum on the first beat of the second measure; the dancer turns around and beats the drum on the first beat of the third measure, facing the starting point on the first beat; and turns back to the original position on the first beat of the fourth measure. The rhythm of the percussion instrument is cheerful and exciting, and the sound shakes the sky. With the organic use of the big drum, the hall drum, the big cymbals, and the small cymbals, it is magnificent and spectacular. (III) The routine of the drum: the male and female actors perform face to face. On the first beat, the dancer's head and upper body tilt to the left and beat the drum; on the second beat, the dancer tilts to the right and beats the drum; on the third and fourth beats, the dancer steps forward with his left foot, turns 180 degrees and beats the drum; at the same time, he faces the opposite direction and beats the drum, and on the seventh beat, he returns to the original position. The next link is repeated, and the percussion speed can be fast or slow, depending on the situation. (IV) Running drum Running drum movements are generally used in marching performances, and sometimes in field performances. It is mainly used for the connection between performance teams. If the formation is far apart, the running drum movement is used to quickly organize the team and restore the formation. The basic movement of running drum is running and dancing. Sometimes the dance is rough and bold, and sometimes it is gentle and steady. The percussion score is the same as the score of the head drum. The formation arrangement of Zhidan sheepskin fan drum is generally arranged in even numbers. In marching performances, it is generally arranged in four rows horizontally, and sometimes it can be arranged in two rows horizontally. When arranging in four rows, men and women are sometimes arranged in a staggered manner, sometimes men are outside and women are inside, and sometimes women are outside and men are inside. When arranged in two rows, men and women are arranged vertically in a row. Sometimes, all the female actors are arranged in front, followed by the male actors, but this arrangement is rarely used. In the field performance, a variety of geometric shapes are used, such as circles, squares, Chinese characters, triangles, etc.; sometimes many fonts and numbers are arranged. The percussion instruments of Zhidan sheepskin fan drum are very rich and easy to use. The main percussion instruments are big drums and big cymbals, supplemented by hall drums and small hairpins. After the artists' careful arrangement and timbre combination, it has formed a relatively complete music system. Zhidan sheepskin fan drum is ingenious in the use of wind instruments and has a unique style. In order to highlight the national characteristics and local style, the folk song "Ode to Liu Zhidan" that the people of northern Shaanxi are very familiar with to praise General Liu Zhidan is mainly used as a common tune. On this basis, the Shaanxi suona music "Victory Return to Camp", "Big Team", "Ten Pairs of Red" and other tunes that the people of northern Shaanxi love to hear and see are used alternately, and sometimes some modern songs and pop music are used in fan drum music. It is an intangible cultural heritage protection project in Shaanxi Province.