Intangible culture with Related Tags
Tongbeiquan
There are many traditional Chinese martial arts styles with different origins. Tongbeiquan, which is popular in Beijing and Tianjin, is said to have been created by Qi Xin, a native of Bazhou, Langfang City, Hebei Province, in the late Qing Dynasty. The Qi family was originally good at pole techniques. When they met Mr. Ma from Henan who was proficient in boxing, they exchanged pole techniques for boxing techniques. Later, they met Mr. Zhao who was good at knife techniques, so they exchanged pole and knife techniques, forming Qimen's unique "twelve-pole" method, "eight-step thirteen-knife" method, and "one hundred and eight single-handed" method. The Qi family Tongbeiquan began to become famous in the martial arts world.
Lion Dance (Baizhifang Taishi)
Lion dance, also known as "lion dance", "lion lantern", "lion dance" and "lion dance", is an important part of traditional Chinese acrobatics. Lion dance has a long history. It is popular in the Han Chinese areas of China and frequently appears in festivals and celebrations such as the Spring Festival. Through lively and cheerful performances, it expresses the Chinese people's good wishes for auspiciousness and the elimination of disasters. The lion dance in various parts of China has different forms and distinct regional characteristics. It is generally divided into two categories: southern lion and northern lion. The southern lion is agile and fierce, and often performs difficult skills; the northern lion is cute and lovely, and often performs playful performances. There are two types of lion dance in Beijing, "Taishi" and "Shaoshi". The little lion played by a single person is "Shaoshi"; the big lion with one person playing the lion's head and one person playing the lion's tail is called "Taishi". There are thirteen routines and twenty moves in traditional performances, including "Xiao Sanyang", "Chang Wuxiang", "Dantuanshi", "Duitou", "Dragon Embracing Pillar", "Incense Burner Corner", "Money and Money Chapter", "Land Boat Rush", "Water Play" and so on. The Taishi Dance in Baizhifang was originally a performance form in the incense-walking fair. Later, it gradually became independent and became a folk dance performance form that is popular among the Beijing people. It originated from the Taishi Laohui in Baizhifang, Xuanwu District, Beijing. It is said that this famous folk flower fair was established in the fifth year of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty (1740). In the ninth year of Tongzhi (1870), Li Tingpu and Chen Zihe, wealthy families in the Baizhifang area, came forward to reorganize the Taishi Laohui, and they successively served as the heads of the association. Chen Zihe was a fourth-rank official in the Gunpowder Bureau of the Ministry of Industry. He redesigned the Taishi shape with reference to the stone lions in front of the Hall of Supreme Harmony in the Forbidden City. The lion's body is about 12 feet long from front to back, and the lion's head weighs about 70 kilograms. It is mighty and ferocious, with a large forehead, upturned nostrils, sunken eyes, and a bloody mouth, with seven large copper bells hanging on it. Chen also hired a lion dance artist nicknamed "Sieve Liu Wu" at Yong'an Bridge in Yongdingmenli to teach performance skills, gather audiences, and repeatedly participate in incense-walking fairs in various parts of the capital. Since the reorganization of Baizhifang Taishi in the fifth year of Tongzhi (1866), its development and inheritance has been clear and orderly. The first generation of lion dance artists was "Sieve Liu Wu", the second generation was an artist surnamed Lu, the third generation was Lu's son, the fourth generation was He Jinyu, a former worker of Baizhifang Printing Bureau, the fifth generation was Ding Bingliang, the sixth generation was Liu Dehai, a famous Taishi artist and retired worker of Beijing Banknote Printing Factory, and the seventh generation was Wang Jianwen, a retired employee of Beijing Banknote Printing Factory. In 1956, the Beijing Banknote Printing Factory where Liu Dehai worked established a lion dance team and purchased a full set of costumes and props. Liu Dehai was responsible for teaching Taishi skills. At present, the main performances of Baizhifang Taishi are organized and led by Beijing Banknote Printing Factory. According to the folk legend of "yellow-haired lions roaring with blue hair", when Baizhifang Taishi performs, two Taishis, one yellow and one blue, appear at the same time. They are fierce and rough, with both form and spirit, and have distinct characteristics of Chinese folk "Northern School" lion dance. Baizhifang Taishi is a prominent representative of northern lion dance art, which embodies the folk customs of Beijing, especially the Xuannan area, and shows strong regional cultural characteristics. At present, Baizhifang Taishi has fallen into the dilemma of aging personnel and lack of successors, and it is difficult to survive and urgently needs rescue and protection.
Peking Opera
Peking opera, also known as Pingju or Jingxi, is the most influential Chinese opera. It is distributed throughout the country with Beijing as the center. Starting from the 55th year of Emperor Qianlong's reign in the Qing Dynasty, the four major Anhui troupes, Sanqing, Sixi, Chuntai and Hechun, which originally performed in the south, entered Beijing one after another. They cooperated with Han opera artists from Hubei, and accepted some repertoires, tunes and performance methods of Kunqu and Qinqiang, and absorbed some local folk tunes. Through continuous communication and integration, Peking opera was finally formed. In literature, performance, music, stage art and other aspects, Peking opera has a set of standardized artistic expression programs. The singing style of Peking opera belongs to the board-style variation, with Erhuang and Xipi as the main vocal styles. Siping tune, anti-Siping tune, Han tune, etc. are all subordinate to Erhuang, while Nanbangzi and Wawa tune are subordinate to Xipi. Erhuang has a steady melody, a slow rhythm, and a thick and solemn singing style; Xipi has a large melody with a compact rhythm and a bright and smooth singing style. Peking opera accompaniment is divided into two categories: civil and martial. The civil use of huqin (jinghu), jingerhu, yueqin, string, flute, suona, etc., with huqin as the main instrument; martial use of drum board as the main instrument, followed by small gong and big gong. Peking opera roles are divided into Sheng, Dan, Jing, Chou, Za, Wu, and Liu. The last three are no longer separate. There are more detailed divisions within each line, such as the Dan line has Qingyi, Huadan, Daomadan, Wudan, and Laodan. In addition to the natural attributes of the characters, the main basis for the division is the character's personality characteristics and the creator's praise and criticism of the characters. Each line has a set of performance routines, and the skills of singing, reciting, acting, and fighting are unique. Peking opera mainly tells historical stories. There are more than 1,300 traditional plays, and more than 300 or 400 are often performed. Among them, "Yuzhou Feng", "Yutangchun", "Changbanpo", "Gathering of Heroes", "Fishing and Killing the Family", "Empty City Plan", "Drunken Concubine", "Sanchakou", "Wild Boar Forest", "Second Visit to the Palace", "Picking up the Jade Bracelet", "Picking the Carriage", "Four Scholars", "Searching for Orphans and Saving Orphans", "Farewell My Concubine", "Silang Visits His Mother" and other plays are well-known to the audience. After the founding of New China, Peking opera adapted, transplanted and created some new historical plays and modern works, including "The Reconciliation of the General and the Prime Minister", "Mu Guiying Takes Command", "The Female Generals of the Yang Family", "Hai Rui Dismissed from Office", "Cao Cao and Yang Xiu", "Sha Jiabang", "The Red Lantern", "Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy", "Dino", "Camel Xiangzi" and so on. There are two types of Peking opera: the Beijing style and the Shanghai style. Many outstanding actors have appeared in different periods, such as Cheng Changgeng, Yu Sansheng, Zhang Erkui, Mei Qiaoling, Tan Xinpei, Sun Juxian, Wang Guifen, Liu Hongsheng, Tian Guifeng, Yu Ziyun, Chen Delin, Wang Yaoqing, etc. in the late Qing Dynasty, and Yu Shuyan, Yan Jupeng, Gao Qingkui, Ma Lianliang, Yang Baosen, Mei Lanfang, Cheng Yanqiu, Xun Huisheng, Shang Xiaoyun, Zhou Xinfang, Jin Shaoshan, etc. in the Republic of China. Peking opera has spread all over the country and has a wide influence. It is known as the "national opera". It has traveled all over the world and has become an important means of introducing and spreading Chinese traditional culture. The Peking opera performance system named after Mei Lanfang has been regarded as a representative of the oriental drama performance system, and is known as the world's three major performance systems together with the Stanislavsky and Brecht performance systems. Peking opera is an important form of expression of China's national traditional culture, and many of its artistic elements are used as symbols of Chinese traditional culture. However, with the changes in society in recent years, the distance between Peking Opera art and the aesthetic taste of contemporary people has gradually widened, the audience has dropped sharply, and the repertoire has shrunk. How to achieve the protection and revitalization of Peking Opera has become an issue that needs to be urgently addressed.
Single string brand song (including branch song)
Danxian Paiziqu is abbreviated as "Danxian", which is popular in Beijing, Tianjin and Northeast China. It originated in the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty and has a history of more than 200 years. It is a type of music developed on the basis of Beijing Chaqu and Bagua drum singing art. Danxian is the product of the fusion of Manchu and Han folk art, with a strong Beijing local characteristic. Danxian music belongs to the combination of qupai, and has preserved the style of Beijing Lianqutiqu singing since the Qing Dynasty in the long evolution. Danxian repertoires are of two types: lyrical and narrative. When performing, qupai are often selected according to the needs of content expression. Commonly used qupai include more than 60 such as [Taipingnian], [Yunsu Diao], [Qie Kuai Shu], [Nancheng Diao], etc. Its lyrics have two forms: long and short sentences and upper and lower sentences. Three-character heads, duo sentences, embedded words, and lining words are often added to the words to enhance the expressiveness. Danxian performances are diverse. One person can play and sing by himself, or one person can sing while playing the octagonal drum, and another person can play the three-string accompaniment. It can also be duet or group singing. The traditional repertoire of Danxian is very rich, mostly drawn from the vernacular novels since the Middle Ages. Fengyi Pavilion, Cuiping Mountain, Gao Laozhuang, Daiyu Burying Flowers and other works are its representative works. Chaqu was developed and evolved on the basis of Beijing dialect singing. It appeared around the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty and was mainly circulated in the Beijing area. The "Nishang Xupu" published in Beijing in the 60th year of Qianlong (1795) included 148 Chaqu. The lyrics of Chaqu are both elegant and vulgar, with a wide range of contents and pleasant tunes. There are three ways to perform it. Most of them are performed by one person playing the octagonal drum, or by two people playing the octagonal drum, or by a group singing. When one person sings, there can be another person playing the sanxian to accompany him. Nowadays, amateurs often sing Danxian and Chaqu in major quyi box offices in Beijing, such as "Nishang Xuyong", "Yongqing Shengping", "Golden Autumn Quyi Salon", "Old Rhyme Beijing Music", "Friends of the Qutan", and "Quyi Home". Since Danxian and Chaqu are relatively elegant and it is difficult to master their singing skills, there are fewer and fewer professional performers who can sing well, and many amateur performers who have reached a certain level of artistic ability have entered their 80s. In addition, there are few preserved scores, and many schools of music are on the verge of being lost. Danxian, Chaqu and other folk art styles with Beijing local characteristics have no successors and may disappear at any time. It is urgent for relevant parties to take practical measures to do a good job in rescue and protection.
Sky Bridge Banner
pennant is a type of flag, with different sizes. The main trunk of a Zhongfan is a thick bamboo pole about 9 meters long, with a 0.5-meter-wide and 5.5-meter-long strip of silk hanging on the top of the pole. The flag is embroidered with auspicious patterns and blessing words, so it is also called a flag. Playing Zhongfan and dancing Zhongfan are traditional Chinese folk acrobatic projects, and the Zhongfan performance in Beijing Tianqiao is the most famous. Playing Zhongfan originated from the army of the Jin Dynasty. The pennant has a magnificent shape and clear title, and is often used in ceremonial activities. The flag bearer can show his bravery and wisdom when playing with the pennant, so the Zhongfan was a must-have item for the Qing Dynasty's worship of Buddha, celebrations and other parades. Each group in the parade has its own flag, and they compete to practice the high-level skills of playing with the pennant, gradually forming a distinctive acrobatic program. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the Zhongfan Association was under the jurisdiction of the Xianghuang Banner Zuoling, one of the eight inner associations, and was crowned by the emperor and flourished. In the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China, the children of the Eight Banners went to the Tianqiao market to perform to make a living. Among them, the Zhongfan and wrestling performed by Shen San (Shen Yousan), Bao San (Bao Shanlin), Zhang Gouzi (Zhang Wenshan) and others were the most popular and popular items in the street performances. In the 1950s, the Tianqiao Zhongfan performance was led by Mr. Bao Shanlin. The third-generation descendants Chen Jinquan, Ma Guibao, Fu Shunlu, Xu Mao and others practiced Zhongfan in the Tianqiao wrestling field, attracting a large number of professional and amateur masters from all over the country to come and exchange skills. When performing Zhongfan, the artists held the pole upright in their hands and performed many tricks. Each performance style has a vivid name. Throwing the pole up and catching it with the forehead is called Overlord Lifting the Tripod, supporting the ground with one leg and holding the bamboo pole with one hand is called Golden Rooster Standing on One Leg, in addition, there are also styles such as Dragon Raising its Head, Tiger Sticking its Tail, Fenghou Hanging its Seal, Su Qin Carrying a Sword, Taigong Fishing, and Holding a Pillar. On the top of the exquisite Zhongfan pole, there is one or even several layers of round decorations composed of colored glaze, brocade, bells, small flags, and tassels, called Yingluo Baogai. When dancing, it is not only colorful, but also makes pleasant sounds. Due to historical reasons, the once prosperous Tianqiao market was cancelled in the 1960s and 1970s, various cultural performances were banned, and the Baosan wrestling field was also abolished. After the reform and opening up, the Xuanwu District Cultural Committee carried out a series of cultural activities to explore, sort out, and protect Tianqiao folk customs with the purpose of promoting Xuannan culture. Under the guidance and support of the District Cultural Committee, Mr. Fu Shunlu's son Fu Wengang established the "Beijing Fu's Tianqiao Baosan Folk Culture and Art Troupe", which enabled a group of Tianqiao unique skills to be passed on. However, at present, flag dancing has gradually become non-professional, and there is a shortage of professional artists. In addition, the environment and performance forms of Tianqiao acrobatics have changed. The skill of playing Zhongfan is still in an endangered state and needs further protection.
Diabolo
Diabolo is made of bamboo and wood, and is hollow, hence its name. In the Qing Dynasty, it was confused with hollow bells, commonly known as ringing gourds. In Jiangnan, it is also called diabolo. The most famous ones are produced in Beijing and Tianjin. Diabolo has a long history in my country. The book "A Brief Account of the Scenery of the Imperial Capital" in the Ming Dynasty describes the playing and production methods of diabolo. There are also cultural relics unearthed from the Ming Dingling Mausoleum as evidence. It can be seen that the history of diabolo being popular among the people is at least 600 years. Diabolo is disc-shaped, with a wooden shaft in the middle. The wooden shaft is wrapped with a bamboo stick and a string to pull and shake it. Diabolo is divided into single wheel (one end of the wooden shaft is a disc) and double wheel (one disc at each end of the wooden shaft). There are whistle holes around the disc, with a large whistle hole as the bass hole and several small whistle holes as the treble holes, which are divided into double ring, four ring, six ring, and up to thirty-six rings. When pulling and shaking the diabolo, each whistle sounds at the same time, high-pitched and vigorous, and the sound reaches the clouds. Beijing has a long history of diabolo, a stable mass base, and mature and complete technical skills. It is one of the most representative regions for the development and inheritance of diabolo, a folk sports activity. Beijing has a special folk organization, the "Beijing Toy Association Diabolo Professional Committee", which currently has nearly 100 members, including both diabolo experts and diabolo masters. The technical skills of diabolo are innovative in inheritance, such as "Golden Rooster on the Shelf", "Climbing Mountains and Ridges", "Vega Spinning", "Watching the Milky Way at Night", "Erlang Carrying the Mountain", "Looking Up at the Moon", "Carp Wagging its Tail", "Boy Worshiping the Moon", "Kite Turning Over", "Colorful Clouds Chasing the Moon", "Fishing for the Moon from the Bottom of the Sea", "Rising to the Blue Sky", etc., which are dazzling and dazzling. Among them, "Ants Climbing Trees" is to tie one end of a long rope to the treetop and hold the other end. Another person shakes a diabolo and quickly throws the flying diabolo to the long rope. The rope holder pulls the long rope hard to shake the diabolo to a height of 50 to 60 meters in the air. When the diabolo falls, the diabolo player catches it steadily, which amazes the audience. Diabolo is a sport that relies on the clever coordination of the limbs. When holding the pole with both hands and shaking the diabolo to perform various tricks, the shoulder joints, elbow joints, wrist joints of the upper limbs, the hip joints, knee joints, ankle joints of the lower limbs, as well as the cervical and lumbar vertebrae are all moving to varying degrees, so diabolo is good for people's health. With the rapid development of cities and changes in people's lifestyles, diabolo, as a witness to historical development and a way of inheriting folk culture, is facing a shrinking cultural space. Therefore, it is necessary for relevant departments to take various effective measures to protect it.
Scissors forging technique (Wang Mazi scissors forging technique)
In the eighth year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1651), a craftsman named Wang from Shanxi was engaged in the business of scissors in Beijing. His business was booming. Because of the pockmarks on his face, he was called "Wang Mazi", and the name "Wang Mazi scissors" became famous. In the book "The Chronicle of the Capital's Sui Shi Sheng" in the 23rd year of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty (1758), there were related records of Wang Mazi scissors, indicating that this handmade product had become a famous brand at that time. In the 21st year of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty (1816), the Jutai shop at No. 135 Xuanwai Street in Beijing hung a signboard of "Three Generations of Wang Mazi". Later, Beijing's knife and scissors workshops with Wang Mazi as their signboard continued to develop. By 1936, there were 70, and in 1956, there were 68, with 400 employees. In 1999, Beijing Lichang Wang Mazi Industry and Trade Co., Ltd. was officially established. Wang Mazi scissors forging technique is unique, including 13 furnace processes and 13 furnace cold working processes. The forging is complex and exquisite, with many tricks. Among them, the technique of dipping in fire and mixing "medicine" is unique in the knife and scissors industry. The finished product is thick and majestic, simple and natural, with typical northern characteristics, unique structure, strong shearing, and can be used for multiple purposes. Its blade is made of wrought iron and steel, which is extremely sharp, easy to use and durable, not broken or rolled, easy to make and repair. Wang Mazi scissors forging technique is a representative of traditional forging technology and has high technical value. Related products are still essential tools for people's production and life, and can meet the needs of various professional fields. The inheritance of Wang Mazi scissors forging technique is eclectic. It can be passed on between teachers and apprentices, and can also be passed on among relatives and fellow villagers. For example, Guo Hengyao set up "Tianhexing" in Fenjiang Hutong and accepted his brother-in-law Duan Chunsheng as an apprentice, which is a typical example of family inheritance. At present, the technical backbones engaged in the forging of Wang Mazi scissors have retired one after another, and the skill inheritance is not strong. The crisis is gradually emerging. It is necessary to take specific measures to strengthen protection.
Glass firing technique
Colored glaze is a common name for low-temperature lead-glazed pottery. It is a decorative material commonly used in palaces, mausoleums, temples, pagodas and other buildings. After long-term production practice, colored glaze has reached a considerable height in terms of modeling style, decorative style, and craftsmanship. Colored glaze architecture organically combines Chinese traditional ceramic culture and architectural culture, becoming an architectural form with strong national characteristics and cultural connotations. Colored glaze production is widely distributed in Shanxi Province, mainly in Taiyuan, Yangcheng, Hejin, Jiexiu and other places. Taiyuan began to produce colored glaze around the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, and has never stopped since then. The Su family is the most famous for firing colored glaze locally. The firing of colored glaze in Yangcheng began in the Yuan Dynasty and reached its peak in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The firing site was originally in the East Gate of the county seat, and later moved to Houzeyao Village. Among them, the Qiao family was the most famous. The firing of Hejin colored glaze also began in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, mainly concentrated in the East and West Yaotou Villages in the west of the city. The Lv family is a local colored glaze family. Jiexiu is an early area in Shanxi where colored glaze was produced. Colored glaze was already used in the local temple buildings in the Tang Dynasty. It reached its peak in the Ming Dynasty, leaving behind many historical sites. Beijing is the former capital of the Liao, Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. Colored glaze can be seen in a large number of palaces, gardens, tombs, pagodas, temples and other buildings. The production of colored glaze in Beijing began in the Liao Dynasty. There are now ruins of Liao Dynasty kilns in Longquanwu Village, Longquan Town, Mentougou District. In the early Yuan Dynasty, the government set up a colored glaze kiln in Liuliqu Village, Mentougou, which was called "official kiln" or "Western kiln". During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the Mentougou official kiln flourished. The colored glaze firing technique of Liuliqu Village was introduced to Beijing by the Zhao family of colored glaze in Yuci County, Shanxi Province. The kiln fired colored glaze according to the regulations of the Ministry of Industry in the Qing Dynasty, which has always been regarded as the standard official firing method. It usually takes more than ten days and more than twenty procedures to fire a colored glaze product. First, the clay is selected, crushed, screened, washed, and refined into a shape. After drying, it is fired in a kiln, commonly known as "plain firing". Then it is glazed and fired in a kiln, known as "color firing". Nowadays, with the decline of traditional architectural forms, the demand for colored glaze is gradually decreasing. In addition, due to environmental problems in the coal kiln firing of colored glaze, coupled with the shrinking industry, loss of personnel, and abandoned production skills, the traditional craft of colored glaze firing is on the verge of extinction and urgently needs the attention of relevant parties.
Filigree inlay making technique
Filigree inlay is a traditional palace handicraft, which mainly uses gold, silver and other materials, and is made into handicrafts through processes such as inlaying gems, pearls or weaving. The filigree inlay process is complicated, and can be roughly divided into eight techniques: pinching, filling, accumulating, welding, piling, stacking, weaving and braiding. It has exquisite skills, beautiful shapes, and various patterns, and has traditional artistic characteristics. Filigree inlay products are generally divided into two categories: one is filigree, that is, gold and silver are drawn into thin wires, and handicrafts are made by stacking, weaving and other techniques; the other is inlay, that is, gold and silver thin sheets are hammered into utensils, and then engraved with patterns and inlaid with gems and pearls. Filigree inlay has a long history. It appeared as early as the Spring and Autumn Period and reached a superb level in the Ming Dynasty. After the Qing Dynasty, filigree inlay has developed further, and fine products have continued to emerge, which is famous at home and abroad. The filigree inlay techniques of Beijing and Dachang Hui Autonomous County, Hebei Province are remarkable and the most famous in the industry. Beijing filigree inlay is known for its weaving and stacking, and often uses the kingfisher feather technique, that is, the blue-green feathers of the kingfisher are attached to gold and silver products to enhance the artistic effect. Most of the filigree inlay craftsmen in old Beijing live in Tongzhou. The Beijing Filigree Inlay Factory, established in 1958, is the main manufacturer of Beijing filigree inlay handicrafts, and its products are mostly exported. In the late 1980s, the factory's export volume dropped sharply and it showed a decline. In 2002, the Beijing Filigree Inlay Factory declared bankruptcy. Now, Beijing filigree inlay skills have no successors, and many unique skills have been lost and urgently need to be rescued. The filigree inlay production skills of Dachang Hui Autonomous County, Hebei Province, have already begun to show signs in the Han Dynasty. During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty moved the capital to Beijing, and the gold and silver craftsmen from the Western Regions moved north with him and settled in the Hui-populated areas of Dachang. They brought traditional Persian patterns and handicrafts, raising the filigree inlay skills to a new level. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Dachang filigree inlay developed rapidly, and its products were designated as tribute by the court. The filigree inlay craftsmanship in Dachang is complex. The entire production process includes design, cutting, making tires, tracing, marking, making wires, gluing wires, welding wires, acid (strong acid) work, washing work, stone selection, gluing, combination, gold plating, silver plating and other processes. The products have diverse shapes, rich patterns, and are well-made, with high artistic value. In the past, the filigree inlay production skills in Dachang were mostly taught by fathers and sons, and later the master-apprentice inheritance method appeared. The late Mongolian stone inlay master Ma Zuowen once brought his disciples to produce filigree inlay crafts such as "Potala Palace" and "Golden Seal of the 12th Panchen Lama", which became famous for a while. In recent years, affected by the impact of the market economy, many filigree craft factories have closed down, causing craftsmen to lose confidence and enthusiasm for traditional crafts. The filigree inlay production skills are in danger of being lost, and it has become an urgent task to discover, rescue and protect this precious traditional handicraft.
Scented tea making technique (Zhang Yiyuan's jasmine tea making technique)
Scented tea is made by placing green tea and jasmine flowers together and scenting them many times. This is a unique tea variety in my country. The tea is named after the flower, and the flower is better because of the tea. Scented tea originated in the Song Dynasty, began in the Ming Dynasty and became popular in the Qing Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, many tea houses in Beijing were famous for selling jasmine tea. In the late Qing Dynasty, Zhang Changyi opened Zhang Yiyuan Tea House, which was passed down from generation to generation and specialized in making and selling jasmine tea. During the Republic of China, Zhang Yiyuan was famous in Beijing. Frequent customers of bathhouses and theaters almost always asked for Zhang Yiyuan when drinking tea. Peking opera masters Qiu Shengrong, Ma Lianliang, Tan Fuying and others were also Zhang Yiyuan's old customers. After the public-private partnership in 1956, Zhang Yiyuan gradually lost its original characteristics of specializing in the sale of scented tea. In 1992, Zhang Yiyuan's traditional jasmine tea production process was restored. When making Zhang Yiyuan jasmine tea, Fujian roasted green tea spring tea is used as the tea base. The initial production process mainly includes withering, killing green, rolling, baking and other processes. This kind of scented tea, which is loved by the people of Beijing, has a unique flavor, is of good quality and low price, contains a deep cultural heritage of old Beijing, and has a wide market. However, the production technique of Zhang Yiyuan jasmine tea is relatively complicated and the manual labor is quite hard, so fewer and fewer people are willing to learn this technique. The inheritance and development of scented tea making technology has become an urgent problem to be solved.
Roast duck technique (Bianyifang roast duck technique)
Roast duck is the most famous dish in Beijing. It was called "roast duck", "roast duck in oven", "Southern oven duck" and so on in ancient times. According to the "Essentials of Food and Drink" in the Yuan Dynasty, roast duck was already available in the palace at that time. The "Records of the Capital" and "Miscellaneous Notes of the Capital" in the Qing Dynasty also recorded that during the Mid-Autumn Festival, the imperial kitchen of the palace prepared Southern oven duck for the emperor to enjoy in addition to osmanthus mooncakes. Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty (Qianlong) was particularly fond of it. The roast duck restaurants in Beijing are mainly Bianyifang and Quanjude. Bianyifang was founded in the 14th year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1416), and Quanjude was founded in the 3rd year of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1864). Both have a long history. Roast duck is made from specially raised stuffed ducks, which are slaughtered, cleaned, made into (roast duck) blanks, dried, candied, and roasted. Beijing roast duck has different production techniques such as hanging oven (open fire), stewing oven (dark fire), vat oven, and barbecued pork. The roasted duck has crispy skin, tender meat, fat but not greasy, and delicious taste, which is highly praised by Chinese and foreign people. Beijing Bianyifang was founded in the 14th year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1416), mainly engaged in stewing oven roast duck. During the production process of stewing oven roast duck, the duck is not exposed to open fire. The finished product is reddish red, with shiny and crispy skin and white and tender meat. The skill of stewing oven roast duck in Bianyifang has been continuously developed in the hands of roast duck masters of all generations, forming the so-called "three uniques", namely the unique skill of stewing oven, the unique skill of selecting ducks and making blanks, and the unique skill of roasting duck slices. For hundreds of years, the delicious taste, crispy outside and tender inside of Bianyifang stewing oven roast duck has been attracting diners from all over the world. Yang Jisheng, a famous official in the Ming Dynasty, once wrote a plaque for Bianyifang. Emperor Qianlong and many officials and literati in the Qing Dynasty patronized Bianyifang. In modern times, more and more people from all walks of life come to Bianyifang to taste the braised oven roast duck, including government leaders, social celebrities, and foreign heads of state who come here to taste it. After tasting it, they have left many precious inscriptions and calligraphy works for Bianyifang. In the past six hundred years of changes, Bianyifang has accumulated and formed a unique roast duck skill and corporate culture, which has produced a wide social impact. "Bianyifang" is one of the first "Chinese time-honored brands" awarded by the Ministry of Commerce. At present, there are only a few roast duck chefs with comprehensive skills in Bianyifang Roast Duck Group Co., Ltd., and the training of young technicians cannot meet the needs of skill inheritance and development. At the same time, in the fierce market competition, the brand image of Bianyifang braised oven roast duck is being adversely affected by counterfeit and shoddy products. It is urgent to take effective measures to protect the effective inheritance of this excellent traditional handicraft.
The making techniques of Fangshan (Imperial cuisine of the Qing Dynasty)
Fangshan Restaurant in Beijing is a time-honored Chinese restaurant that serves imperial cuisine. It is located in a group of ancient buildings built during the Qianlong period, including Yilan Hall and Daoningzhai in Beihai Park. It was founded in 1925 by several imperial chefs from the imperial kitchen of the Qing Palace. "Fangshan" means to prepare dishes and snacks in a way that imitates the methods of the imperial kitchen of the palace. It has a history of 85 years. Fangshan Restaurant is a research and collation, inheritance and innovation, and management and protection unit of the imperial cuisine of the Qing Dynasty. In decades of operation, it has always maintained the characteristics of imperial cuisine. In order to explore and develop famous imperial cuisine, Fangshan Restaurant sent people to the Palace Museum many times, and sorted out hundreds of dishes from the Qianlong and Guangxu periods in the vast archives of imperial cuisine. Among them, the most distinctive ones are anchovies, golden toad jade abalone, first-class official bird's nest, oil-cooked prawns, palace gate fish, and fried chicken breast; famous snacks include pea yellow, kidney bean rolls, small steamed bread, minced meat biscuits, etc. In 1979, after excavation and sorting, Fangshan Restaurant launched the first Qing imperial cuisine in China, which attracted wide attention from the food circles of all countries in the world. The imperial cuisine uses precious raw materials such as the eight delicacies of mountains, sea, poultry and grass, and adopts the grilling techniques of the Manchu people and the stewing and braising techniques of the Han people. It combines the essence of the flavors of the north and the south, and is rich and colorful, which is a magnificent sight.
Yidege ink making technique
Beijing Yidege ink has a production history of more than 100 years. During the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty, a scholar named Xie Songdai from Anhui went to Beijing to take the imperial examination, but failed. He felt that it took too much time to grind ink and delayed his exams. He thought at the time that if he could make an ink that could be used directly for writing, it would save time and effort. Wouldn't it be possible to "use one skill to serve the world"? So after many experiments, he finally used lampblack and other auxiliary materials to make ink with the same effect as the ink block. Once it was launched on the market, it was welcomed by literati and poets. In the fourth year of Tongzhi, Xie Songdai opened the first shop for the production and sale of ink at No. 44, Liulichang, Beijing. The name of the shop was "Yidege", and he wrote a plaque by hand and hung it in front of the door. This is the origin of "Yidege" ink. Xie had no children. After his death, the shop was passed on to apprentices. Later, the reputation of "Yidege" grew day by day, and the scale of production and operation continued to expand. Branches were opened in major cities such as Tianjin, Shanghai, Xi'an, and Zhengzhou, and the business became more prosperous. Features: It has the characteristics of high concentration, deep color, bright ink, easy to dry after writing, and suitable for rubbing. It has been tested by famous painters and calligraphers and the effect is very good. Technology: "Yidege" ink is made of Sichuan high-pigment carbon black, bone glue, borneol, musk, and phenol as raw materials, and is finely processed using traditional technology. Sichuan high-pigment carbon black is deep and bright; bone glue has buoyancy, so that the ink is attached to the paper without being buried; borneol and musk are both spices, with a refreshing fragrance; phenol is a preservative, which makes the ink not rotten or smelly during long-term storage and can be used all year round.
Preserved fruit making techniques (Beijing traditional preserved fruit making techniques)
The art of making preserved fruits in Beijing originated from the imperial kitchen. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, in order to ensure that the emperor could eat fresh fruits all year round, the chefs in the imperial kitchen classified the fruits produced in each season and soaked them in honey, and gradually added cooking and other production processes. After improvement and upgrading, the production techniques were gradually fixed and passed down. During the Qing Dynasty, the art of making preserved fruits in Beijing was introduced from the palace to the people. The people used peaches, pears, apricots, and dates that are unique to the north as the main ingredients to make preserved fruits, including peach preserves, apricot preserves, pear preserves, apple preserves, and golden candied dates. After removing the pits, pine nuts and walnuts were added. At this time, the production of preserved fruits in Beijing reached its peak.
Changdian Temple Fair
The Changdian Temple Fair in Xuanwu District, Beijing, began in the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, flourished in the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, and reached its peak in the Qianlong period. In the seventh year of the Republic of China (1918), after rectification by the municipal authorities, it was officially determined that the temple fair would be held from the first to the fifteenth day of the first lunar month every year with Changdian and Haiwang Village Park as the center, becoming the only official Spring Festival temple fair in the old Beijing. Around 1945, the Changdian Temple Fair was almost "a broken temple". After liberation in 1949, the temple fair was held from the first to the fifteenth day of the first lunar month every year at the intersection of Hepingmen and Hufangqiao. In 1960, it was interrupted for a time due to natural disasters. In 1963, the municipal government reopened the Changdian Temple Fair, which caused a sensation in the city. Later, due to road construction and the "Cultural Revolution", the Changdian Temple Fair was suspended. The Changdian Temple Fair lasted for more than 400 years, and it has evolved from a sacrifice to a temple market, and then to a book market, gradually becoming a folk activity of visiting Changdian during the Spring Festival that combines literature and business. It is known as "a combination of elegance and vulgarity, and a fusion of business and entertainment." The Changdian Temple Fair in history started from Heping Gate in the north, reached Liangjiayuan in the south, extended to Nanbeiliuxiang in the west, and reached Yanshousi Street in the east. It was centered around Xinhua Street, Haiwang Village, Huoshen Temple, and Lu Zu Temple, and was mainly located at the "Changdong Gate", i.e. Liulichang East Street. Since the Changdian Temple Fair was closest to the city center, it was a place that men, women, old and young from all walks of life in Beijing competed to visit during the Lunar New Year. The "Changdian Records" during the Guangxu period said: "It is usually empty and sparsely populated; in the first month of the year, the city's men and women are like clouds, with cars and carts full of people, and the streets are full of people." The Changdian Temple Fair is unique in Beijing for its long history, grand scale, open form, and especially its distinctive Beijing-style cultural characteristics. It has now become a window and platform for displaying Beijing-style folk culture and Xuannan culture. It is a large stage for the gathering of fine folk cultural and artistic works from all over the country. It has a profound cultural heritage and broad social significance. It is deeply loved by the people of Beijing, and has attracted the active participation of many traditional ethnic and folk projects and outstanding folk artists. The resulting social and economic benefits are increasing day by day. In 2001, the first spring of the new century, the Changdian Temple Fair, after an absence of 37 years, reappeared before the people of Beijing with a brand new look, profound cultural connotations and elegant cultural taste, becoming a landmark temple fair in Beijing and allowing this cultural activity with a long history to continue to be passed on.
Heritage with Related Tags
Mangshan National Forest Park
Mangshan National Forest Park is located in Changping District, northwest of Beijing. The park covers a total area of 8,622 hectares. It is adjacent to 7 towns and 47 administrative villages in Changping District and is about 35 kilometers away from Beijing. It is the largest national forest park in Beijing. It is named Mangshan because of its undulating mountains like a python. Mangshan is named because of its undulating mountains like a python. The main component of the mountain is sandstone. The scenic area is full of lush mountains and forests with a forest coverage rate of 96%. It is a veritable "natural oxygen bar". There are 176 kinds of trees and flowers, among which evergreen trees such as Pinus tabulaeformis, Platycladus orientalis, and Pinus bungeana are the main tree species, making Mangshan evergreen all year round. The air in the forest area is fresh. When the mountain wind blows, the pine waves are wafting, and visitors bathe in the sea of forests, feeling relaxed and happy. Dozens of flowers and trees, including jasmine, mountain peach, wild apricot, forsythia, lilac, plum, peony, rose, cherry, etc., are in full bloom, filling the garden with spring colors; the leaves of cotinus, maple, torch tree, and ground ivy turn bright red in autumn, dyeing the forest full of color.
Qingfeng Park
Beijing Qingfeng Park is a city-level boutique park. It was officially opened to the public for free in September 2009. Qingfeng Park starts from Lingtongguan Bridge in the west and ends at Qingfeng Bridge in the east. It is 70-250 meters wide and about 2,300 meters long. The total design area of the park is about 200,000 hectares. It is divided into two parks, east and west, by the East Third Ring Road. The park is based on "sail" and "ship" as the main elements. The northern park is a modern waterfront landscape area, and the southern part is a green ecological cultural area. There are 8 scenic spots including Datong Fanyong, Xincheng Qiwang, Dieshui Huaxi, Wenhuai Yigu, etc. The design of the scenic spot also highlights the concept of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, interweaving tradition and modernity, inheriting historical context, highlighting the modern urban style, and meeting the garden needs of citizens for leisure and entertainment.
Beijing Yuetan Park
The Moon Altar was a place for worshipping the moon in ancient China, also known as the "Evening Moon Altar". As early as the Zhou Dynasty, the emperor had already worshipped the sun in spring and the moon in autumn. The only remaining Moon Altar is located in the west of Beijing. It was first built in the ninth year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1530) and rebuilt in the Qing Dynasty. It was one of the nine altars and eight temples in Beijing and was abandoned in the early years of the Republic of China. The "Moon Altar" generally refers to this place. The Moon Altar in Beijing during the Ming and Qing Dynasties was located to the west of Nanlishi Road and to the south of Yuetan North Street in Xicheng District, Beijing. It formed the Yuetan Park with the antique gardens to its south. The main buildings in the altar mentioned in the Ming and Qing documents, except for the altar platform and the inner altar wall, which were demolished, the rest of the ancient buildings such as the bell tower, Tianmen, Jufu Hall, and Shenku still exist. After liberation, the government strengthened the protection and construction of the Moon Altar and opened it as a park in 1955 for people to rest and entertain. After years of construction, the area of Yuetan Park has been greatly expanded. The entire park is divided into two parts, north and south. The north garden is characterized by ancient buildings with red bricks and green tiles and regular roads. This is the Moon Altar in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The South Garden is a newly opened tourist area, with rocks, pools, and winding garden roads, forming a natural landscape garden pattern. Its design and construction are based on the theme of "moon", and the name of the garden is also taken as "Yaoyue Garden". There is a group of small courtyards in the middle of Yaoyue Garden, named "Tianxiang Courtyard" with the meaning of "osmanthus falls in the moon, and the fragrance of heaven floats outside the clouds". On the wide lawn on the south side of Tianxiang Courtyard, there are several jade rabbits and Tianxiang Courtyard. On May 25, 2006, Yuetan, as an ancient building from Ming to Qing Dynasty, was approved by the State Council to be included in the sixth batch of national key cultural relics protection units.
Survival Island New Concept Tourism Base
Beijing Survival Island New Concept Tourism Base is the most eye-catching novel and beautiful landscape in the tourism market. It is a large-scale tourism and holiday base that integrates traditional culture, modern leisure methods and various trainings, and is completely different from natural and cultural landscapes. It is surrounded by mountains, gurgling streams, and a high forest coverage rate. There are thousands of vegetation species. It is a natural botanical garden. There are both evergreen pine and cypress forests that cover the sky and the sun, and various dried and fresh fruit gardens with fragrant flowers and fruits. In spring, peach and apricot flowers compete for beauty; in summer, chestnut flowers and lotus flowers are fragrant; in autumn, there are abundant fruits; in winter, there are forests and snow fields. Survival Island has created a magical world with a brand new connotation in such a great love of nature.
Qinglong Lake Park
Beijing Qinglong Lake Park is located on the bank of Qinglong Lake in Wangzuo Township, Fengtai District, Beijing suburbs. It covers an area of 1,000 mu and is only more than 20 kilometers away from Beijing. It has convenient transportation. The park has a water area of 6,000 mu, which is the closest "clear water" to Beijing. The park has beautiful mountains and clear waters, lush forests, a wide lake, and a very beautiful ecological environment. There are several major areas such as open-air beach bathing, sightseeing orchards, water entertainment, conference catering, and comprehensive services. It was rated as an AAA-level tourist attraction by the National Tourism Administration. The lake in the park is clear and blue, surrounded by green mountains in the distance and swaying tree shadows nearby. In spring, you can see elegant white swans and groups of wild ducks playing.
Summer Palace, an Imperial Garden in Beijing
The Summer Palace in Beijing was first built in 1750, mostly destroyed in the war of 1860, and restored on the original site in 1886. It is a masterpiece of Chinese garden design. The natural landscape of hills and open waters is combined with artificial landscapes such as pavilions, palaces, temples and bridges to form a harmonious whole with outstanding aesthetic value.
Tongzhou Grand Canal Forest Tourist Area
The Grand Canal Forest Park in Tongzhou District is located on both sides of the North Canal in Tongzhou New City, Beijing. It starts from Lutong Bridge on the Sixth Ring Road in the north and ends at Wuyao Bridge in the south. The total length of the river is about 8.6 kilometers. The left bank is 8,191 meters long and the right bank is 3,639 meters long. The total construction area is 713 hectares (about 10,700 acres). The overall momentum is grand, reflecting the characteristics of the canal being as flat as a mirror, the flat forests layered like waves, the green poplar trees like paintings, and the royal wood sunken ships like smoke, showing a style that coexists with modern and rustic. The entire park has constructed "one river, two banks, six scenic areas (Luhe Peach and Willow Scenic Area, Yuedao Singing Orioles Scenic Area, Silver Maple Autumn Fruit Scenic Area, Jungle Vitality Scenic Area, Mirror Moving Boat Scenic Area, High Platform and Flat Forest Scenic Area), and 18 scenic spots (Peach and Willow Reflecting the Bank, Yuqiao Spring Scenery, Tea Shed Talking at Dusk, Royal Wood Ancient Ferry, Rainbow Flower Rain, Yuedao Painting Scenery, Wetland Frog Sounds, Half Mountain People, Silver Maple Autumn Fruits, Maple Forest Tea Fragrance, Greenhouse Storage, Popular Reed Marsh, Jungle Song, Double Brocade Natural Formation, Mirror Moving Boat, Flat Forest Smoke Trees, Red Dates Like Painting, High Platform Vast)", which is an ideal place for people to relax by the water, camp outdoors, and have cultural entertainment. It is also the only natural oxygen bar of the canal ecology in Tongzhou and Beijing. Six scenic areas: distributed on both sides of the river, there are Luhe Peach and Willow Scenic Area, Yuedao Singing Orioles Scenic Area, Silver Maple Autumn Fruit Scenic Area, Jungle Vitality Scenic Area, Mirror Moving Boat Scenic Area, High Platform and Flat Forest Scenic Area. Eighteen scenic spots: distributed in six major scenic areas, including peach and willow trees reflecting the bank, spring scenery of Elm Bridge, evening talk in the tea shed, ancient imperial ferry, rainbow flower rain, painting of Moon Island, frog sounds in the wetland, people living halfway up the mountain, autumn fruits of silver maple trees, fragrance of tea in maple forest, storage in greenhouse, reed marsh, joyful singing in the jungle, natural double brocade, moving boat in a mirror, smoky trees in the flat forest, red dates as if painted, and vast high platform.
Beijing Zhongshan Park
Located on the west side of Tiananmen Square, Zhongshan Park is close to Jinshui Bridge, the Forbidden City and Zhongnanhai. It covers an area of 23.8 hectares and is a memorial temple garden. Beijing Zhongshan Park was listed as a national key cultural relic protection unit in 1988. The location of the park was originally an ancient temple in the Tang Dynasty and Wanshou Xingguo Temple in the Yuan Dynasty. The Sheji Altar in the park symbolizes the imperial power, the land and the national harvest. It is the place where feudal emperors worship the earth god. In addition, there are ancient sacrificial buildings such as the Five-Colored Soil Altar, the God Kitchen, the God Storehouse, and the Animal Slaughter Pavilion in the park. Zhongshan Park was originally called Central Park and is the first public garden in Beijing. Zhongshan Park has a superior geographical location and beautiful scenery. Therefore, it has become the most popular tourist attraction. It is a gathering place for people from all walks of life and social groups in Beijing. Even celebrities such as Li Dazhao, Ba Jin, and Lu Xun have gathered here to drink tea. In 1925, Mr. Sun Yat-sen passed away. The worship hall in the park was used for public sacrifice. In order to commemorate Mr. Sun Yat-sen, the park was officially renamed Zhongshan Park. Afterwards, the park built the waterside pavilion, the Pine and Cypress Pavilion, the Maxim Pavilion, the Tanghuawu, etc. After the founding of New China, new scenic spots such as Yuyuan and Lai Jin Yuxuan were built.
Remains of the road in the southern section of the central axis
The central road in the southern section of Beijing's central axis is an important link that connects the carefully arranged urban buildings and public spaces. It was the only way for national ceremonial activities in the Ming and Qing dynasties. The remains of the southern section of the central axis road have been discovered. The site shows the location, direction, engineering structure and continuous inheritance of the southern section of the central road since the Ming Dynasty with material evidence, and witnesses the national ceremonial culture of Beijing's central axis that has continued to this day. The remains of the southern section of the central axis road are several central road remains distributed from Zhengyangmen to Yongdingmen. As of the end of 2022, it consists of three sites from south to north. Among them, the remains of the stone slab road on the north side of Yongdingmen are located about 100 meters north of Yongdingmen. The stone slab road is distributed on both sides of the center of the road, showing the paving method and shape of the imperial road in the Qing Dynasty; the remains of the central axis historical road inside Yongdingmen are located about 400 meters north of Yongdingmen, showing the use of the central road in different historical stages from Ming Dynasty to modern times; the remains of the drainage ditch on the south central axis road of Zhushikou are located about 5 meters south of the Zhushikou Church, showing the location and shape of the brick-built ditches on both sides of the central road in the Qing Dynasty. The remains of the stone slab road on the north side of Yongdingmen are two sections of granite strips paved with stone slabs. The stone slabs on the east and west sides are of the same shape. They are paved with granite strips or their broken blocks. They are material evidence of the stone road pavement in the Qing Dynasty. The remains of the central axis historical road inside Yongdingmen present the remains of seven roads (L1-L7) pressed in sequence. The hierarchical relationship of Lu pressure fully shows the construction and use history of the central road of Beijing's central axis. Its construction period can be roughly divided into: before the seventh year of Yongzheng (1729) (L7), from the seventh year of Yongzheng (1729) to the Republic of China (L6), the Republic of China (L5) and modern times (L1-L4). The drainage ditch ruins of the Zhushikou South Central Axis Road are brick-built, the bottom of the ditch is paved with blue bricks, covered with stone slabs, and the bottom of the ditch is full of ground nails, showing the engineering construction method of drainage facilities on one side of the central road in the Qing Dynasty. The central road of the southern section of the Beijing Central Axis was the only way for ancient emperors to worship from the palace to the southern suburbs. The remains of the southern section of the road that have been discovered show that the central road of the southern section of the Beijing Central Axis has been in use since the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty. It has been maintained and repaired at different stages of history. It is a tangible carrier of the sacrificial routes and ritual activities of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the 18th year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1420), there was a central road between Zhengyangmen and the Temple of Heaven and Earth (Temple of Heaven) and the Temple of Mountains and Rivers (Temple of Agriculture), which was a dirt road. In the seventh year of Yongzheng's reign (1729), the section from Tianqiao to Yongdingmen was changed to stone. In the fifty-sixth year of Qianlong's reign (1791), two zhang wide earth roads were opened on both sides of the imperial road, and the slab ditches on both sides of the stone road were gradually replaced with brick ditches. Six ditches were also opened on both sides of the stone road in front of the Temple of Heaven and the Temple of Agriculture, which brought about a significant change in the landscape of the section from Tianqiao to Yongdingmen. In the eighteenth year of Jiaqing's reign (1813), the ditch was filled. In the early 20th century, the road was changed to asphalt concrete, and the original Qing Dynasty stone strips were buried underground until they were rediscovered in 2004. In 2022, archaeological excavations further discovered the remains of the historical central axis road inside Yongdingmen and the drainage ditch site of the central axis road south of Zhushikou.
Zizhuyuan Park
Zizhuyuan Park is located in the northwest suburbs of Beijing, near Baishiqiao in Haidian District, and west of Beijing Capital Gymnasium. Zizhuyuan Park was built in 1953. It was named "Buddha Shades Zizhuyuan" because there was a temple in the northwest of the park during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The park covers an area of 47.35 hectares, of which water surface accounts for about one-third. Nanchang River and Shuangzi Canal pass through the park, forming a basic pattern of three lakes, two islands, one embankment, one river and one canal. It is a natural landscape garden with hundreds of bamboos and thousands of green poles, and bamboo is used to create landscapes and win with bamboo. Zizhuyuan Park is free to visit. The landscape of this park imitates the mountains and rivers to seek its naturalness, with rugged rocks carefully placed, pavilions and corridors scattered, and bamboos and flowers cleverly arranged in between. Everything is picturesque, and the scenery is pleasant in all seasons. The spring breeze warms the flowers, the summer mist floats the boats with green canopies, the autumn rain moistens the reeds and maple leaves, and the winter clouds and snow reflect the pines and bamboos. On the Qinglian Island in the central part, there are the "Bayi Pavilion" and "Bamboo Rhythm Scenery Stone"; on the Mingyue Island, there are the "Wenyue Tower" and "Flute Sound Drunk Moon"; in the western part, there are the "Fuyin Zizhu Courtyard", "Cross-sea Eastward Expedition" and "Purple Bamboo Fishing"; in the southern part, there is the "Chengbi Mountain House" and a children's playground; in the northern part of Changhe is the "Yunshi Garden" with unique characteristics of Jiangnan gardens, which is elegant, beautiful, quiet and unique, with such scenes as "Cool and Anxiu", "Jiangnan Bamboo Rhythm", "Deep Bamboo and Quiet Lotus", "Youxian Mountain Pavilion", "Green Cloud Pavilion" and "Banzhulu".
Yudu Mountain Scenic Area
Yudu Mountain is located in the deep mountains, seldom visited by people, with beautiful scenery and quiet environment. Yudu Mountain is a little-known virgin land in Beijing; Yudu Mountain is the most primitive green memory preserved by nature; Yudu Mountain is the best choice for modern people to return to nature. Yudu Mountain is a pearl hidden in the mountains, and it has the same desire as modern people, which is the highest realm of "harmony between man and nature". The beauty of Yudu Mountain lies in the mountains, rocks, forests, springs, waterfalls, flowers, and grass, and the feeling of nature lies in the clear, quiet, and wild. Yudu Mountain is along the Houhe River in the south and the Gucheng River Valley. It starts from the Haituo Peak, the second highest peak in Beijing with an altitude of 2,241 meters in the west, and ends at Longqing Gorge in the east. It covers an area of more than 100 square kilometers, with an altitude of 580-1,589 meters in the territory. The core and essence of the area is about 58 square kilometers. The area is part of the Jundu Mountain Range, the remnant of the Yanshan Mountains, and is located at the western end of the Yanshan Depression Zone. The landform is mainly composed of gullies, middle mountains, and valley erosion terraces. There are two rivers in the area, one runs through Yudu Mountain to Sancha River, and the other runs through Wulipo to Sancha River. Both rivers originate from Haituo Mountain and merge into one at Sancha River and flow into Longqing Gorge. Since Haituo Mountain is a place with developed granite fissures and dense vegetation in the upper reaches, the bedrock fissure water is abundant, so the river water volume is large. Even in the dry season, there is spring water supply, and the river flows all year round. Because of the good hydrological conditions, few human activities, and closed nature, the plants in this area grow luxuriantly and in a wide variety of species. According to the survey of Capital Normal University and Forestry University, the trees are mainly composed of valley miscellaneous forests dominated by pine, birch, mountain poplar, Liaodong oak, linden and Beijing lilac; the shrubs are mainly composed of mountain elm, bicolor Lespedeza, flat hazel, tiger hazel, Spiraea, Rhamnus, Prunus armeniaca, Vitex, Prunus armeniaca, etc. The herbs are mainly herb communities, and some Vitex and shrubs are combined. The vegetation coverage here is high (up to 100% around Yudu Mountain), with many species and good growth. It is a natural northern botanical garden. Wildlife resources are also very rich. According to the Biology Department of Capital Normal University, there are 184 species of vertebrates, including more than 20 mammals, 11 orders, 29 families, and 125 species of birds. There are 16 species of wild animals listed as key protected by the state, 14 species listed as key protected by Beijing, and 16 species listed as generally protected by Beijing. The climate here is a typical mountain climate with obvious vertical distribution. Due to the high altitude, the temperature here is lower than that near the county seat, the daily difference is larger, and the precipitation is more than that near the county seat.
Tanzhe Temple
Tanzhe Temple has a history of more than 1,700 years and is the oldest ancient temple in Beijing. The temple faces south and is backed by Baozhu Peak. It is surrounded by nine tall mountains in a horseshoe shape, as if it is supported by nine giant dragons. The tall mountains block the cold current from the northwest, so the climate here is warm and humid. The temple has towering ancient trees, pagodas, and majestic halls. The entire temple building is cleverly laid out according to the terrain, with green bamboo and famous flowers dotted in between, and the environment is extremely beautiful. Tanzhe Temple is large in scale, covering an area of 2.5 hectares inside the temple and 11.2 hectares outside the temple. Together with the surrounding forests and mountain fields under the jurisdiction of Tanzhe Temple, the total area is more than 121 hectares. The halls are built according to the height of the mountain, with staggered layout. The Forbidden City in Beijing has 9,999 and a half rooms. Tanzhe Temple had 999 and a half rooms in its heyday during the Qing Dynasty, which is like a miniature of the Forbidden City. It is said that when the Forbidden City was built in the early Ming Dynasty, it was modeled after Tanzhe Temple. Tanzhe Temple now has a total of 943 rooms, including 638 ancient halls. The buildings maintain the style of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is the largest ancient temple building complex in the suburbs of Beijing. The entire building complex fully reflects the aesthetic principles of ancient Chinese architecture. With a central axis running through it, the left and right sides are basically symmetrical, making the entire building complex appear regular, strict, with clear priorities and clear levels. Its architectural forms include halls, halls, pavilions, halls, pavilions, pavilions, towers, altars, etc. There are many buildings and attractions outside the temple, such as the Upper and Lower Pagoda Courtyards, the East and West Guanyin Caves, the Anle Yanshou Hall, and the Dragon Pond, which are like stars holding the moon, scattered among them, forming a tourist attraction with a radius of several miles, numerous attractions, diverse styles, and different interests. Tanzhe Temple is not only rich in cultural landscapes, but also very beautiful in natural landscapes. There are beautiful scenery in spring, summer, autumn and winter, and different moods in the morning, noon, evening and night. As early as the Qing Dynasty, the "Ten Scenes of Tanzhe" were already famous in Beijing. Today's Tanzhe Temple has majestic palaces and quiet courtyards. The palaces, halls, altars and rooms are unique. The buildings, pavilions, pavilions and vegetarian rooms have extraordinary scenery. Ancient trees and famous trees, flowers and bamboos are scattered throughout the temple. The rockery is stacked with green, and the winding water flows. The red walls and green tiles, the flying eaves and corners are hidden among the green pines and cypresses. The halls are neat, solemn and magnificent. The late President of the Chinese Buddhist Association, Mr. Zhao Puchu, once wrote a couplet praising: "The air captures half of Taihang Mountain, and the land opens up Youzhou first." Tanzhe Temple not only attracts friends and tourists from all over the world with its numerous historical sites and beautiful scenery, but also has built modern tourism service facilities in recent years, and implemented a one-stop service of transportation, accommodation, catering, sightseeing, entertainment and shopping, making the scenic spot a famous tourist destination at home and abroad. In 1997, with the approval of the Beijing Municipal Government, a group of monks moved in and religious activities resumed in Tanzhe Temple.
CCTV Tower
The CCTV Tower is located on the west side of West Third Ring Road, Haidian District, Beijing, next to the Aerospace Bridge, and west of Yuyuantan Park. As a national AAAA-level scenic spot, you can overlook the panoramic view of Beijing from afar and feel the Chinese TV culture up close. It is a must-visit place to appreciate the style of the capital. The CCTV Tower, with a height of 405 meters, is the most unique high-altitude viewing tourist destination in Beijing. There is the world's largest circular open-air viewing platform on the tower, which allows you to overlook the magnificent scenery of Beijing in 360 degrees, and experience the stunning scenery of the Bird's Nest, the Forbidden City, the National Grand Theater, the Summer Palace, the new CCTV building, and the Olympic venues! The TV Culture Hall, located at a height of 225 meters, is the highest TV culture science exhibition hall in Beijing and the only one in China. It is the first choice for exploring the past, present and future of China's TV development and the secrets of CCTV. A large number of pictures, texts and physical materials from the earliest period of the development of television in New China are displayed here. Television video images of many important historical moments can be on demand. The most unique thing is that it has the only hand-model wall in China that brings together dozens of CCTV celebrities. Visitors can touch the hand-models and handwritten inscriptions of dozens of CCTV celebrities such as Zhu Jun, Wang Xiaoya, Li Yong, Bai Yansong, Li Ruiying, and Luo Jing at close range. In addition, you can also simulate and experience the colorful TV interactive entertainment projects such as the host of "News Broadcast", which makes people experience the rare "electric shock" feeling! There is also the highest air post office in Beijing, and the only commodity counter selling CCTV and CCTV Tower logo souvenirs is also unforgettable. The aerial viewing revolving restaurant located at 221 meters in the tower is the most distinctive Chinese and Western buffet restaurant in Beijing. Under the dome of the 12 constellations with bright stars, you can experience warmth, romance, fashion and elegance. It has become the first choice for couples and friends in Beijing to gather, and has been rated as "Beijing's Top Ten Romantic Places" by netizens. CCTV Tower Honors: Won the title of "Best Tourist Environment Unit" in Beijing in 2010. Ranked first in the selection of the top ten tourist routes recommended by foreigners in Beijing in 2010. CCTV Tower Sky Viewing Revolving Restaurant won the title of "Five-Leaf National Green Catering Enterprise". Capital Peace Demonstration Tourist Attraction. Capital Civilized Tourist Attraction. Top Ten Romantic Places in Beijing. The Latest Closing Spot in Beijing.
Huangqinxiangu Scenic Area
Beijing Huangqin Fairy Valley Scenic Area is located on the extension line of Cuandixia Village, a famous historical and cultural village in China. It is a national AAA-level scenic area and the only well-known Huangqin culture leisure tourism theme park in Beijing. It is a multi-level high-end tourist place with Huangqin tea culture and Chinese medicine health culture experience as the core, and leisure vacation, ecological sightseeing, popular science education, and sports and fitness as supplements. Huangqin Fairy Valley covers an area of 2,000 acres, and the scenic area is laid out as "one garden and six areas": "one garden" is a Chinese herbal medicine botanical garden, and the "six areas" are respectively a tourist reception area, a Huangqin planting area, a Huangqin culture experience area, an ecological nursing area, a mountain leisure and vacation area, and a traditional Chinese medicine ancestor worship area. The accommodation is an antique quadrangle, with presidential suites and individual guest rooms. The Qinyan can provide 300 people for dining at the same time. In their spare time, tourists can hike up the mountain to see the full view of the Zhaitang Reservoir or enjoy the water view in Chaxi Bay, and have tea and chat.
Temple of Heaven: an Imperial Sacrificial Altar in Beijing
The Temple of Heaven was built in the first half of the 15th century. It is a stately complex of exquisite sacrificial buildings set in gardens and surrounded by a historic pine forest. The overall layout of the Temple of Heaven and the arrangement of its individual buildings symbolize the relationship between heaven and earth (between humans and gods) that is central to Chinese cosmology, and the special role that the emperor played in this relationship.
Nangong Tourist Attractions
Beijing Nangong Scenic Area is 25 kilometers away from the city center. It is located in Nangong Village, Wangzuo Town, Fengtai District, the "No. 1 Geothermal Village in China". It is a national AAAA-level tourist attraction. It integrates the construction of a new socialist countryside, scientific development tours, modern geothermal science education, hot spring fitness and health, leisure and entertainment, ecological countryside leisure, conference training and exhibition. It has formed a large tourism pattern of "mountains, lakes, springs and villages", providing an ecological tourism area that brings together food, accommodation, travel, shopping and entertainment, and is close to you.
Chongli Saibei Ski Resort
Saibei Ski Resort is located on the north side of Xiqueliang in Chongli County, 250 kilometers away from Beijing. The entire road is safe and smooth, and the journey takes only 3-4 hours. The average snowfall here exceeds 1 meter every winter. It is covered with snow, dense forests, fresh air, and blue skies. It is the closest snow mountain resort to Beijing. The Saibei Snow Mountain Resort in the resort has accommodation, dining and entertainment facilities such as Snow Mountain Apartments, Birch Villa, Snowman Hotel, and four villas, which can accommodate hundreds of people for snow mountain vacations at the same time; the Saibei Natural Ski Resort in the resort is the earliest ski resort opened in North China and the only natural ski resort around Beijing. It is a good place to easily experience the charm of skiing in nature.
Temple of the Emperors of All Dynasties
The Temple of the Emperors of All Dynasties in Beijing was first built in the ninth year of the Jiajing reign of the Ming Dynasty (1530). It was a royal temple for the Ming and Qing dynasties to worship the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors, emperors of all dynasties, and civil and military officials. In 1996, the State Council announced it as a national key cultural relic protection unit. The Temple of the Emperors of All Dynasties has always taken the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors as the center of worship, reflecting the lofty ancestral status of the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors; the number of figures enshrined in the temple has continued to increase. By the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the tablets of the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors and 188 founding emperors and successive emperors were enshrined in the Jingde Chongsheng Hall, and the tablets of 79 civil and military officials of all dynasties were enshrined in the east and west side halls. The Temple of Guandi was built in the Qing Dynasty to worship Guan Yu alone. The Temple of the Emperors of All Dynasties covers an area of 21,500 square meters and a construction area of 6,000 square meters. The overall layout is magnificent, showing the dignity and style of the royal temple, and is a fine piece of Chinese ancient architecture.
Soong Ching Ling's Former Residence
The former residence of Comrade Soong Ching Ling is located on the northern bank of the scenic Houhai Lake in Shichahai, Beijing. The water and sky are reflected in front of the gate, the blue waves are rippling, the willows on the embankment are swaying, the courtyard is full of winding corridors, pavilions and pavilions; the lake is surrounded by rugged rocks; the green trees are thick and the fragrance of flowers is overflowing. It is a graceful, elegant, quiet and unique garden. The former residence covers an area of more than 20,000 square meters and the building area is about 5,000 square meters. It was originally the residence garden of Prince Chun Zaifeng, the father of the last emperor of China, Aixinjueluo Puyi, also known as the West Garden. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the party and the government planned to build a residence for Soong Ching Ling in Beijing, but she repeatedly declined. In 1962, Premier Zhou Enlai, commissioned by the party and the government, personally planned and decided to use this palace garden to carefully design, renovate and renovate. To the west of the original main building, a two-story main building with a "combination of Chinese and Western styles" was built as Soong Ching Ling's residence. In April 1963, Song Qingling moved here and died on May 29, 1981. She worked and lived here for 18 years. On May 16, 1981, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress decided to award Comrade Song Qingling the honorary title of "Honorary Chairman of the People's Republic of China". In October 1981, the central government decided to name this residence as "The Former Residence of Comrade Song Qingling, Honorary Chairman of the People's Republic of China", and the State Council designated it as a national key cultural relic protection unit. Afterwards, under the cordial care and direct leadership of central leaders such as Deng Yingchao and Liao Chengzhi, the former residence was fully renovated, preserving and restoring the original appearance of Song Qingling's work and life during her lifetime, displaying it in its original state, collecting cultural relics and materials nationwide, and organizing the "Comrade Song Qingling Life Exhibition". On May 29 of that year, on the anniversary of Song Qingling's death, Deng Yingchao personally unveiled the former residence and it was officially opened to the public. In order to better protect and preserve the precious cultural relics of Sun Yat-sen and Soong Ching Ling, with the care and support of the central leadership, the foundation of the cultural relics bank of Soong Ching Ling's former residence was laid on May 29, 2008. On May 31, 2009, the newly renovated former residence and the carefully produced exhibition on Soong Ching Ling's life were reopened to the public. Jia Qinglin, member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, attended the reopening ceremony. Soong Ching Ling's former residence has been named Beijing Youth Education Base, National Youth Education Base, Central State Organs Ideological Education Base, and Anti-corruption Education Base.
Xianghe New Town Plaza
Xianghe New Town Plaza is located in the hinterland of the Bohai Rim Economic Zone and the golden point of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Circle. It is 45 kilometers away from Beijing, 70 kilometers from Tianjin, and 40 kilometers from Langfang. Many national and provincial highways such as the Beijing-Harbin Expressway pass through the area. It is a great place for tourism, vacation and leisure.
Beijing Shunyi Hanshiqiao Wetland Scenic Area
Beijing Hanshiqiao Wetland Park, located in the Jingdong Plain, is the only existing large-scale reed-type native wetland in Beijing. The park is located in Shunyi Yangzhen in the northeast of Beijing, about 35 kilometers from Beijing city and about 20 kilometers from the Capital Airport. It has a total area of 1,900 hectares and is home to a variety of rare waterfowl, including two national first-class key protected wild animals and 17 national second-class key wild animals. The large-scale growth of reeds here is unique in the suburbs of Beijing, and has become a landmark feature of the Hanshiqiao Wetland, which has earned it the nicknames of "Jingdong Da Lu Marsh" and "Xiao Baiyangdian" in the suburbs of Beijing, and has great protection and scientific research value. The reserve is mainly divided into a core area and an experimental area. The core area covers an area of 163.5 hectares and is the core and essence of the reserve. It implements fully enclosed protection and controls personnel entry; the experimental area covers an area of 1,724.4 hectares. In the future, the reserve will mainly develop and utilize this area to carry out ecological tourism, scientific research, and popular science work. The goal is to build a 5A-level wetland ecological tourism scenic spot with leisure, entertainment, vacation, fitness, and exhibition as the main features. The rural theme hotel in the wetland park integrates office, catering, clubhouse and accommodation. It not only highlights its unique rural characteristics and wetland scenery, but also meets the standards of a five-star hotel in terms of hardware facilities. It will provide urban tourists with a high-end leisure place to feel nature, get close to nature, and feel convenient and comfortable.
Summer Palace
The Summer Palace is the largest and best-preserved imperial garden in China, and one of the four famous gardens in China (the other three are Chengde Mountain Resort, Suzhou Humble Administrator's Garden, and Suzhou Lingering Garden). It is located in Haidian District, Beijing, 15 kilometers away from the urban area of Beijing, and covers an area of about 290 hectares. It is a large natural landscape garden built on the site of Kunming Lake and Wanshou Mountain, based on the scenery of West Lake in Hangzhou, and absorbing some design techniques and artistic conception of Jiangnan gardens. It is also the best-preserved imperial palace and imperial garden, and is known as the Royal Garden Museum. The Summer Palace was originally the imperial palace and garden of the Qing Dynasty. Its predecessor was the Qingyi Garden. It was the last garden built among the Three Hills and Five Gardens (the Three Hills refer to the Longevity Hill, the Fragrant Hill and the Jade Spring Hill. The three hills have the Qingyi Garden, the Jingyi Garden and the Jingming Garden respectively. In addition, there are the nearby Changchun Garden and the Yuanming Garden, collectively known as the Five Gardens). Construction began in 1750 and was completed in 1764. It covers an area of 290 hectares, of which about three quarters are covered by water. Before Emperor Qianlong ascended the throne, four large royal gardens had been built in the western suburbs of Beijing. The four gardens from Haidian to Xiangshan formed their own system and lacked organic connections with each other. The "Wengshan Lake" in the middle became an empty area. In the 15th year of Emperor Qianlong's reign (1750), Emperor Qianlong used 4.48 million taels of silver to rebuild the Qingyi Garden here to honor his mother, Empress Xiaosheng. With this as the center, the four gardens on both sides were connected into one, forming a 20-kilometer-long royal garden area from the current Tsinghua Garden to Xiangshan. In the 10th year of Emperor Xianfeng's reign (1860), the Qingyi Garden was burned down by the British and French allied forces. In the 14th year of Emperor Guangxu's reign (1888), Empress Dowager Cixi used silver (according to experts, it should be 5 to 6 million taels of silver) in the name of raising naval funds. Lei Tingchang, the seventh-generation descendant of Yangshi Lei, presided over the reconstruction and renamed it the Summer Palace as a summer resort. In the 26th year of Emperor Guangxu's reign (1900), the Summer Palace was destroyed by the "Eight-Nation Alliance" and many treasures were looted. It was restored in the 29th year of Emperor Guangxu's reign (1903). Later, during the warlords' melee and the Kuomintang's rule, it was destroyed again. After 1949, the government continued to allocate funds for repairs. On March 4, 1961, the Summer Palace was announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. In November 1998, it was included in the World Heritage List. On May 8, 2007, the Summer Palace was officially approved by the National Tourism Administration as a national 5A tourist attraction. In 2009, the Summer Palace was selected by the China World Records Association as the largest existing royal garden in China. The Summer Palace has many world records and China records.
Lotus Pond Park
Lianhuachi Park is located in Fengtai District, on the east side of West Third Ring Road, northeast of Liuli Bridge. It is located at the intersection of Xuanwu, Fengtai and Haidian Districts, close to Jingmen-West Railway Station, and is a first-class ancient site park in Beijing. It is the birthplace of Beijing City. There is a saying that "there was a lotus pond before there was Beijing City". It has a history of more than 3,000 years. It began to be restored in 1998, and the first phase of the project was completed in December 2000, and began to receive tourists. The newly built Lianhuachi Park in the 1980s covers an area of 53.6 hectares and is a tourist destination that retains the original scenery and water fun. In addition, there are Hanzhong Lianhuachi Park, Yulin Lianhuachi Park, and Kunming Lianhuachi Park. There are four interconnected hills in the park. The East Hill is narrow and tall, with green cypresses and pines shading the winding stone path, leading to the Hefeng Pavilion on the top of the mountain; the West Hill is broad and gentle, with acacia and white ash trees lush and green. There are also artificially built South Mountain and North Mountain, which are also densely forested and shaded by green leaves. On the north bank of the lotus pond, a long arch-shaped levee divides the water area into a lake within a lake and water within water. The lotus planted in the lake reminds visitors of the name of the Lotus Pond Park. There is a bridge on the arch-shaped levee, and there is a small pavilion at the end of the bridge, which forms a picturesque landscape with the lake and lotus. The Lotus Pond was originally called the Big Lake or West Lake, which is 1 km wide from east to west and 1.5 km wide from north to south. During the Liao and Jin Dynasties, the capital was built in the southwest of the Lotus Pond, and the pond was an important water source for the city. In later dynasties, the city was built elsewhere, so this place gradually became deserted. It has become a large suburban park dominated by lotus. The water surface in the park accounts for about half, divided into four small lakes, with small islands in the lakes and small bridges on the lake levees. Lotuses are widely planted in the lakes. There are Chinese pine, cedar, lilac, crabapple, pomegranate, acacia, ginkgo, magnolia and white ash trees planted on both sides of the lake. The green pines and cypresses lead to winding paths. It was commonly known as Qingcao Lake in the Qing Dynasty and was connected to the Confucian Temple Pond in the north. In the 24th year of Qianlong's reign (1759), the prefect Zhao Quan led the Puhui Spring to flow in, and the lake and pond were always full. In the spring of the 7th year of the Republic of China (1918), Jing Yuexiu opened a lake and pond and introduced lotus seeds from Guanzhong for planting. He also built a thatched pavilion and a zigzag wooden bridge in the lake and pond, planted willow trees around it, placed stone tables, stone drum stools, and prepared small boats. In June and July every year, the lotus flowers bloomed in the pond, so people called it the Lotus Pond. Yu Youren inscribed the couplets "Songsheng Park" and "The wind returns to the faraway Tao Changliu, and the love is always left in Zhao Botang", which were engraved on the front and on both sides of the gate to praise Jing Yuexiu's contribution to the construction of the park. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, it was renamed Lotus Pond Park, and fountains and rockery were added. At the beginning of the "Cultural Revolution", it was regarded as a place for the bourgeoisie to play. The lotus in the pond was dug out and turned into a fish pond, and all the facilities in the park were destroyed. In 1977, lotus was planted again. A gate, gallery, greenhouse, octagonal pavilion were added, more than 70 kinds of flowers, plants and trees were introduced, a children's playground was added, and amusement equipment was installed. The park now covers an area of 93.3 hectares, and a lotus pond management office was established. From the autumn and winter of 1998 to the spring of 1999, there was a drought of 149 days, the water in the pond dried up, and the lotus died. After that, a water truck was used to draw water to the pond, and the relevant parties began to introduce lotus again to restore the lotus scenery. The lotus pond was originally called the Big Lake or the West Lake, which is 1 km wide from east to west and 1.5 km wide from north to south. During the Liao and Jin Dynasties, the capital was built in the southwest of the lotus pond, and the pond was an important water source for the city. In later dynasties, the city was built elsewhere, so this place gradually became deserted. It has become a large suburban park dominated by lotus. The water surface in the park accounts for about half, divided into four small lakes, with small islands in the lakes and small bridges on the lake embankments. Lotuses are widely planted in the lakes. There are Chinese pine, cedar, lilac, crabapple, pomegranate, acacia, ginkgo, magnolia and ash trees on both sides of the lake. There are green pines and cypresses, and winding paths lead to secluded places. Lianhuachi Park is located on the south side of Beijing West Railway Station. The park covers an area of 446,000 square meters, with a water surface area of 150,000 square meters and a green area of 245,000 square meters. Lianhuachi Park is named after the cultural relic Lotus Pond. It is the legendary birthplace of Beijing. It was originally a lake and swamp area outside Jinzhongdu and has been listed as a cultural protection unit in Beijing. Lianhuachi Park is surrounded by convenient transportation, with new residential areas, dense population and developed commerce. It is a comprehensive place for tourism, showing the ancient and modern style of the capital, integrating history, culture and life entertainment. There are four interconnected hills in the park. The East Hill is narrow and tall, with green cypresses and pines covering the winding stone path, leading directly to the Hefeng Pavilion on the top of the mountain; the West Hill is broad and gentle, with acacia and ash lush and green. There are also artificially built South Mountain and North Mountain, which are also densely forested and shaded by green leaves. On the north bank of the lotus pond, a long arch-shaped levee divides the water into a lake within a lake and water within water. The lotus planted in the lake reminds visitors of the name of Lotus Pond Park. There is a bridge on the arch-shaped levee, and there is a small pavilion at the end of the bridge, which forms a picturesque landscape with the lake and lotus. Lotus Pond Park is located in the center of the city, with a superior geographical location and convenient transportation. It is about 300 meters away from Tianhan Avenue, the main traffic artery of Hanzhong City, and the city bus goes directly to the scenic spot. Lotus Pond Park was built in 1982. Its predecessor was the ruins of the back garden of Zhu Changhao, the king of Rui in the Ming Dynasty. The scenic area of Lotus Pond Park covers an area of 120 mu, and 46 mu of scenic areas with Ming and Qing styles have been built and restored. It is a park with rest, culture and entertainment as its main functions, providing citizens with an elegant and comfortable environment for leisure and entertainment. The park is closely based on the water of more than 20 mu of ponds. Lotuses are planted and picked for boating in the pond. There is an island surrounded by water in the pond, which echoes the willows on the shore. The main scenic area of the park is created with a natural landscape effect of mountains and waters. In addition, the winding shore, rippling blue waves, and graceful lotuses constitute a unique scenery since midsummer. Visitors can feel the winding path along the winding bridge and go directly to the center of the pond to feel the refreshing fragrance of lotus. After years of construction, the lotus pond has become a scenic spot with Buyun Bridge to watch the water, Liubu Pavilion to appreciate lotus, and Jiuqu Bridge to lead to secluded places. At the same time, the park has 5 leisure tea houses for tea tasting and chatting, and more than ten large and medium-sized amusement projects for children's entertainment. Among them, the 23-meter-high Ferris wheel can overlook the beautiful scenery of Hanzhong city, and the infinite scenery can be seen at a glance. The lotus pond park has a pleasant landscape of lakes and mountains, green grass, and clusters of flowers. In the summer when lotus flowers are in full bloom, the 10,000-meter lotus pond allows you to appreciate the lotus posture of "coming out of the mud without being stained, washing in the clear water without being coquettish", and enjoy the interest of "willow shadows seeping into the sky under the water, and the fragrance of lotus breeze passing through the dark". You can row a boat on the vast lake and experience the joy of "green duckweed blocking the way for lotus boats". The exquisite white marble statues beside the lotus pond will tell you the "Legend of the Lotus Fairy and the Lotus Man". The "open-air dance floor" of more than 1,000 square meters is equipped with high-end professional audio equipment for couples to dance. The largest "Cultural Square" unique to the Lotus Pond Park allows you to choose different activities by yourself. If you like taking pictures, you can take a photo by the "Taoyuan Spring" pool with high mountain streams and waterfalls. The beautiful scenery will surely make you linger. Here you can satisfy your hobbies, enjoy your wonderful enjoyment, and your life will be improved to an ideal state. The Lotus Pond Park, newly built in the 1980s, covers an area of 53.6 hectares and is a tourist destination that retains the original scenery and water fun. There are four interconnected hills in the park. The East Hill is narrow and tall, with cypresses and pines shading the winding stone path leading to the Hefeng Pavilion on the top of the hill; the West Hill is broad and gentle, with acacia and ash trees lush and green. There are also artificially built South Hill and North Hill, which are also densely forested and shaded by green leaves.
Yongding Gate
Yongdingmen was once the south gate of the outer city of Beijing's old city in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is the highest-regulated of the seven gates in Beijing's outer city. It shows the important position of the building on the central axis of Beijing and witnesses the traditional urban management methods of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The original Yongdingmen was demolished in the 1950s. The existing Yongdingmen is a landmark building that was rebuilt in 2005 in strict accordance with the principles of Chinese cultural relics protection. The image of the Yongdingmen tower marks the location of the southern end of the Beijing central axis, showing the traditional form and craftsmanship of ancient Chinese tower buildings, and has become an important landscape viewpoint for overlooking the southern section of the Beijing central axis. Yongdingmen is a historical symbol of the southern end of the Beijing central axis. It faces Zhengyangmen from north to south and is an important landscape node in the southern section of the central axis. The historical site of Yongdingmen consists of the rebuilt tower building and the ground sign of the south side of the city wall. The Yongdingmen tower was rebuilt on the Yongdingmen for the purpose of display according to the original form. Because the city wall will no longer be restored, the original location of the city wall is marked on the ground on the south side of the tower. At the same time, the positions of the original horse path and the city wall are marked with white punctuation on the south facade, north facade, and east and west ends of the city platform. The marked positions and sizes truly reflect historical information. As the south gate of Beijing's outer city, Yongdingmen is an important part of the city's defense system and urban management facilities in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and is part of the national etiquette tradition. With the rise of commerce in Beijing's outer city, the population living in Yongdingmen has continued to increase, handicrafts and commerce have developed, and Yongdingmen has also become an important channel for merchants to travel. Today, the rebuilt Yongdingmen tower and the ground pavement of the city wall clearly mark the position of the southern end point of Beijing's central axis, accurately showing the historical form and traditional craftsmanship of Yongdingmen. Yongdingmen was first built in the 32nd year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1553). In order to strengthen the defense of Beijing, the Ming Dynasty built an outer city with 7 city gates, of which Yongdingmen had the highest regulation level and the largest volume. In the 43rd year of the reign of Emperor Jiajing (1564), the Facheng was built on the south side of the Yongdingmen Tower, and in the 15th year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong (1750), the Facheng Arrow Tower was built. In the 1950s, in order to ease the traffic pressure in the Yongdingmen area, the Yongdingmen Tower and the Jie Tower were demolished, and the moat was straightened and dredged to widen the roads in the Yongdingmen area. In 2003, the Beijing Institute of Cultural Relics conducted archaeological exploration of the Yongdingmen site, and a total of 7 trenches of varying lengths were excavated to determine the boundaries of the site. In 2004, the reconstruction of Yongdingmen began and was completed in 2005. The project was strictly based on the research results of archaeological and historical data. The reconstructed Yongdingmen marks the location of the southern end point of the Beijing Central Axis.
Longtan Park
Longtan Park is a national AAAA-level tourist attraction and one of the first ten boutique parks in Beijing. It is located within the second ring road in the southeast of Beijing, with a total area of 42.3 hectares, including 19.47 hectares of water area and 12.86 hectares of green area. Longtan Park is affiliated to the Dongcheng District Garden Greening Bureau and Dongcheng District Park Management Center. It is a deficit-funded public institution with one office and seven departments, which are specifically responsible for the operation and management of Longtan Park.
Yuyuantan Park
Yuyuantan Park is one of the eleven parks in Beijing, located in Haidian District with convenient transportation. The east gate is adjacent to Diaoyutai State Guesthouse; the west gate is across the road from the CCTV Tower; the south gate is just north of the China Millennium Monument, and the north gate is connected to the Navy General Hospital. As early as the Jin Dynasty, Yuyuantan Park was a scenic tourist destination in the northwest suburbs of the Jinzhong Capital; in the Liao and Jin Dynasties, the river here was winding and a water town scenery. There are scenic spots such as "Yangzun Linquan" and "Fishing Hequ" where feudal scholars pursued seclusion and elegance. In the 38th year of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty, the famous Xiangshan River Diversion and Water Control Project excavated the Yuyuantan Lake System, and sand birds and waterfowl gathered here, making the refreshing scenery of abundant water and lush grass full of vitality. In 1960, the Beijing Municipal Government officially named it Yuyuantan Park and designated it as an AAA-level scenic spot. The park is 1,820 meters wide from east to west and 1,106 meters long from north to south. The total planned area is 136.69 hectares, of which 61 hectares are water areas and 74.44 hectares are built green areas (including lawns). The green coverage rate reaches more than 95%, and there are about 199,500 plants of various kinds in the park. At present, the main scenic spots of Yuyuantan Park are composed of the cherry blossom garden in the west, the water diversion lake scenic area in the north (partially built), Zhongshan Island in the south, and Liuchun Garden in the east. The unique environment and the relatively small history of large-scale construction in modern times have created a natural and wild style with poplars and locust trees on the mountains, weeping willows on the banks, and lush water plants by the lake. The "Cherry Blossom Viewing Party" held in Yuyuantan Park every spring is well-known in China. The "Cherry Blossom Garden" with more than 2,000 cherry blossoms is covered with red clouds and red snow in the spring breeze, and the crowds of people watching the flowers are like spring water, which has become a unique scenery in early spring in Beijing. Fitness activities such as winter swimming in the 1970s and 1980s and the "Anti-Cancer Life Park" in the 1990s are also widely known.
Red Scarf Park
Red Scarf Park is a theme park in Beijing. It is a unique place for patriotic education for young people and a base for popular science education for young people. The park was built in 1958 and covers an area of 390,000 square meters, of which 160,000 square meters are water surface. Yingbin Avenue of East Fourth Ring Road passes through the park. In recent years, Red Scarf Park has implemented greening and beautification transformation, and the greening area has reached 220,000 square meters. The leading idea of the transformation is to highlight the service purpose of leisure, entertainment, education, fitness and practice for young people, and provide good education places and healthy growth service places for young people. The renovated Red Scarf Park is full of modern civilization and has many garden boutiques, becoming an ideal paradise for young people.
Nanxincang Cultural and Leisure Street Scenic Area
Nanxincang Cultural and Leisure Street Scenic Area is located at No. 22, Dongsishitiao, Beijing. It is a granary for storing imperial grain and rice for salaries during the Ming and Qing dynasties. It is a royal official granary. Nanxincang was built on the basis of the ancient Beitaicang and has a history of more than 600 years. Nanxincang is the only royal granary in the country and the largest and most complete royal granary in Beijing. Nanxincang has preserved 9 ancient granaries and is a historical witness to the history of Kyoto, the history of water transport, and the history of storage. It is a cultural relic protection unit in Beijing.
Ancient Pagoda Park
Guta Park is located in Wangsiying District in the southeast of Chaoyang District, Beijing, covering an area of 55.7 hectares. Because there is a Ming Dynasty Ten-Direction Buddha Pagoda (a municipal cultural relic) built in 1538 in the park, it is named Guta Park. There are 4 main scenic spots in the park, namely: West Gate District, Central Lake District, Mountain Garden District and Guta District. Among them, the Central Lake District is the main scenic spot, named Colorful Spring Garden, with Huawang Terrace, Begonia Square, Pavilion and Corridor Combination, Pingquan Cascading Water and other landscapes, which organically combines the ecological environment characteristics of the Guta suburbs with the landscape characteristics of the urban park, and is fully equipped with environmental protection public service facilities. More than 200 varieties of trees, shrubs and flowers of various colors are planted in the park, with about 220,000 plants.
Tuanjiehu Park
Tuanjiehu Park has a total area of 12.3 hectares, of which 5.4 hectares are water surface. In 1958, the masses were mobilized to dig the old kiln pit into a lake, so it was named "Tuanjiehu". After five years of development and construction, it was completed and officially opened to tourists on September 26, 1986. Tuanjiehu Park was approved as a Class II Class I park in the Beijing Park Registration and Grading Activity. It has successively won the honorary titles of "National Departmental Afforestation 400 Best Units", "National Advanced Greening Collective", and National "AAA" Tourism Unit. It is a boutique park in Beijing. In 2002, it passed the ISO9001 quality management system and ISO14001 environmental management system certification.
Zhongdu Grassland
Zhongdu Grassland is located in Zhangbei County, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province. Zhongdu was one of the three capitals in the Yuan Dynasty, along with Dadu (Beijing) and Shangdu (Kaiping). It was a summer resort for royal families. Zhongdu original grassland is the most intact original grassland preserved to date. It is pure, magnificent and cool. It is the essence of the Inner Mongolian grassland. It is the original natural grassland closest to Beijing (250 kilometers) and with the lowest latitude.