Shimajiang Haozi is a kind of labor song that originated from production labor and integrates folk music, folk dance and labor skills. The three are inseparable. Shimajiang Haozi is mainly spread in the Shimajiang River Basin of Yingguang, Longxipu, Jukoupu, Xiaotang and Xintianpu in Xinshao County, Hunan Province, and is also distributed in the southeast of Xinshao and Gaoping in Longhui. In 2008, Shimajiang Haozi was identified as the second batch of intangible cultural heritage list projects in Hunan Province. Shimajiang River originates from Longhui County and flows through Yingguang, Longxipu, Jukoupu, Xiaotang and Xintianpu in Xinshao. It flows into Zijiang River in Dayumiao Village, Xintianpu. Although the total length of Shimajiang River is only more than 100 kilometers, it flows through the eastern branch of Xuefeng Mountain with dense forests, steep mountains and rugged terrain. Therefore, it has many tributaries, turbulent water, rushing and rushing, and is very imposing. The beauty and boldness of Shimajiang River have cultivated the happy, resolute and unrestrained character characteristics of the people on both sides of the strait. The emergence of Shimajiang haozi has a close relationship with the famous Meishan culture. Although the most representative Shimajiang haozi is the Shimajiang masonry haozi, the oldest one is the Shimajiang pilgrim haozi. The pilgrim haozi is now also known as "Nanyue Song", which originated from the sacrificial music of Meishan. Meishan culture can be traced back to the "Nine Songs" in Chuci. According to the "Zhaoyu Zhi" of the Ming Dynasty: Since the opening of Meishan in the fifth year of Xining in the Song Dynasty (1072), Meishan was divided into upper and lower Meishan. The five dongs (districts) of Longhui, Dayang, Shima, Yongning and Longtan in Upper Meishan were set up as Xinhua County, which belonged to Shaozhou (Shaoyang). In ancient times, Meishan had a vast territory. According to the "Baoqing Prefecture Records" during the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty, "The upper and lower Meishan creeks and caves are thousands of miles long. It is connected to Tan in the east and Shao in the south; to Chen in the west and Ding in the north." (Note: Tan, Tanzhou, now Changsha; Shao, Shaozhou, now Shaoyang; Chen, Chenzhou, now Yuanling; Ding, Dingzhou, now Changde) and Upper Meishan (Xinhua) and Lower Meishan (Anhua) are the core circles of Meishan culture. The areas where Shimajiang Haozi originated include Gaoping in Longhui, Yingguang in Xinshao, and Longxipu in Xinhua County, and Jukoupu, Xiaotang, Xintianpu and other places used to be Shaoyang County. Both counties were deeply influenced by Meishan culture. Meishan culture is mainly manifested in Meishan religion represented by witch culture. Meishan religion was born in the production activities of farming, animal husbandry, fishing and hunting. Most of the gods worshipped except the Taoist Taishang Laojun are ordinary workers, and there are even hunters, fishers, stone miners, bridge builders, and laundrymen. Meishan is located in the middle and lower reaches of Zijiang River between Yuan and Xiang Rivers, and Shima River is a tributary of the middle reaches of Zijiang River. Meishan people "believe in ghosts and witches, and worship obscenely". Wang Yi's "Preface to the Nine Songs of Chu Ci" states: "Between Yuan and Xiang River, the custom is to believe in ghosts and like to worship. When worshipping, witches and shamans must make music, sing and dance to entertain the gods." Therefore, some of the current folk songs and horns are mostly evolved from the witch music for worshiping gods. The current "Nanyue Song" still has its own charm among the pilgrimage songs in various places. Once the "Nanyue Song" of Shima River is sung, the rest will be silent. Since the Xining period of the Song Dynasty, the main production activities of Meishan people have been fishing and hunting, among which hunting is the main one, so the costumes of Meishan gods are all dressed like hunters. The seven saints of Meishan in "The Romance of the Gods" and "Journey to the West" are hunters, and Erlang Shen's Sky-roaring Dog is actually a hunting dog. The seven brothers of Meishan are so brave that even the powerful Sun Wukong is no match for them. It can be seen that the ancient Meishan God had a high status in the minds of people at that time. The Shimajiang haozi, which was born from production labor and developed along with the development of production such as agriculture, animal husbandry, fishing and hunting, has its unique environment and soil. As a kind of folk music, the Shimajiang haozi was mainly produced in the early Ming Dynasty. At that time, Zhu Yuanzhang's policy of recuperating with the people promoted the production and economy of the Shimajiang River Basin. The two sides of the Shimajiang River are high mountains and many stones. Most of the people make a living by quarrying stones, and a large number of excellent stonemasons have emerged in successive dynasties. By the end of the Qing Dynasty and the early years of the Republic of China, almost every household in the village had a stonemason. Therefore, the Shimajiang haozi was produced in the early Ming Dynasty, developed in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and prevailed in the early liberation and the "1" era. Shimajiang Haozi originated from production labor and is a labor song. "Working means singing, singing means dancing", where the singing starts, there must be labor, and without labor songs, the workers will feel at a loss. It can be said that without production labor, there would be no Shimajiang Haozi. For example, when stonemasons pry huge stones, they must shout masonry songs in order to achieve the purpose of working together to boost morale. The leader pauses with the steel drill, and the loud and clear songs are echoed by hundreds of people, with magnificent momentum. The workers are excited and powerful, their singing is rough, their hands and feet are dancing, and their postures are beautiful, which makes passers-by stop and look, and they will never leave until they finish watching. When the Great Hall of the People was built at the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Shimajiang Haozi sung by the Xinshao masons was deafening, which attracted the applause of the people of the capital and also aroused the interest and praise of relevant leaders of the Ministry of Culture. In the 1970s, experts from the cultural departments of Hunan Province and cities also awarded high honors to the Shimajiang Haozi that participated in the art performance, and analyzed and investigated the tune, style and characteristics of the Shimajiang Haozi with great interest, and repeatedly emphasized the need to explore, develop, protect and utilize this excellent folk music. In 2002, CCTV compiled the Shimajiang Haozi into the "Hunan Central Hot Land" program through interviews and collections, and broadcast it on CCTV many times. The Shimajiang Haozi became famous at home and abroad. The singing style of the Shimajiang Haozi is rough and spicy, passionate and humorous, and has a primitive wild beauty. The expression is wild, bold and willful. There are flat, flowery and high-pitched tunes, and the tunes are mainly Yu and Zheng. The singing is very jumpy and the rhythm is free, just like a steep mountain wind, loud and beautiful, refreshing. Types of Shimajiang Haozi: According to the characteristics of the vocal cavity, it is mainly divided into two categories: stone workers' Haozi and fishermen's Haozi. The masonry songs are mainly high-pitched and rough, while the fishermen's songs are mainly lyrical and soft. In addition, there are some dragon lantern songs, iron-making songs, children's songs and Nanyue songs sung for pilgrimages that evolved from the Shimajiang songs. In terms of vocalization, dragon lantern songs are close to fishermen's songs, pilgrimage songs are similar to masonry songs, and iron-making songs are more like children's songs because of their colloquialism. For all these reasons, there are many names and repertoires of Shimajiang songs. According to statistics, there are more than 30 types of songs such as "sun songs", "opening songs", "sola songs", "qinshi songs", "three-tone feeding songs", etc. Among them, there are more than 10 masonry songs. There are more than 20 types of Hundred Workers' Songs, including dragon lantern songs (it is said that Shimajiang dragon lantern songs are the only folk dragon lantern dances in the country that use folk music) and fishermen's songs. From the perspective of commonly used song numbers, masonry songs are divided into two categories: three-tone songs and four-tone songs. The three-tone call has fewer tunes, while the four-tone call has more melodies. There are not many instruments in Shimajiang call, mainly suona and percussion instruments form the accompaniment band. In some places, the singing of Shimajiang call does not need any instrumental accompaniment, only the lead singer and the chorus. But there must be dance when there is singing, the singing is majestic, the dancing is powerful, and it is exciting. Only when singing the dragon lantern song, there are some simple instrumental accompaniments. In 2008, Shimajiang call was identified as the second batch of intangible cultural heritage list projects in Hunan Province. Xinshao County Cultural Bureau is the main body of protection of this project.