The long-standing Hanjiang Haozi is a precious folk music treasure of Shaanxi Province. In the long historical process, Hanjiang Haozi faithfully records the blood, tears and sorrow of Hanjiang boatmen, showing the spirit of the working people to fight against nature. It is a precious intangible cultural heritage project in Shaanxi Province that deserves protection. In the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River, there are overlapping mountains. The circulation of goods and passenger transportation all require wooden boats to carry passengers and goods, so cypress sailboats have become the main means of transportation. Small boats have a few boatmen, and large boats have 20 to 30 boatmen, or even more. The boatman, also known as the captain, is the master of a boat. The boatmen all listen to the boatman's command when the boat is sailing, stopping, crossing the beach and fighting the water, whether to go fast or slow. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the boatman beat the drum as a signal to command the boat and unify the rhythm of the oars. It was around the middle of the Qing Dynasty that the Haozi gradually became popular, and a special Haozi head was created to command the boat. Hanjiang Haozi is popular in Hanzhong, southern Shaanxi, and the Hanjiang River Basin in Ankang. It was still very popular in the 1940s, but gradually declined due to the development of land transportation. The Hanjiang River originates from Wudingguan in Ningqiang County in the west of Hanzhong and Taiyangshan in the east of Gansu, and flows through Hanzhong, Ankang, Xiangfan, Hubei, and Danjiang to Hankou into the Yangtze River. Generally speaking, the area above Laohekou in Hubei is called the upper reaches, and the area below is called the lower reaches. There are many dangerous rapids in the upper reaches. According to the old boatmen of the Hanjiang River, there are 360 famous rapids and countless unnamed rapids. The seven counties of Shiquan, Ziyang, Hanyin, Langao, Ankang, Xunyang, and Baihe in the Ankang area are all located in the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River. Boatmen have long said that "the Han River is winding, with beaches up and down, some famous and some unnamed, and it is difficult to pass without high skills. Boats are afraid of the shouts and horses are afraid of the whips on the flood beaches." It vividly and vividly describes the scene of the mountains and rivers, many beaches and fast water in the upper reaches of the Han River, and the important role of the Han River boatmen's songs in the work life of boatmen. The Han River boatmen's songs are a direct reflection of the boatmen's labor mood in the production struggle. It not only plays a call and organizational role in unifying the will of labor and coordinating the pace of labor, but also plays a role in inspiring the fighting spirit of workers and regulating their spirit. When boatmen are working, whether they are rowing downstream, pulling against the current, setting sail, setting sail, or mooring, there are various different songs. Whether they are high-pitched and passionate, or stretched and smooth, or tight and urgent, or steady and leisurely, every call and every song has a strong breath of life and a distinct local style. Han River boat calls can basically be divided into five types: boat calls for going up the river, boat calls for going down the river, boat calls for leaving the river, boat calls for docking, and other boat calls. Boat calls for going up the river mainly refer to boat calls for various situations and various labor methods when going against the current. Due to the differences in natural conditions and labor conditions such as the slow flow rate of the river, flat water and rapids, and favorable and unfavorable winds, boat calls for going up the river can be divided into flat water boat calls and beach calls. Flat water boat calls mainly refer to boat calls for going against the current in flat water when the flow rate is not urgent. Generally speaking, this type of boat call has a regular rhythm, a uniform and stable speed, the leader calls more freely, and the tone is longer. The chorus calls out "Hi" forcefully on the strong beat of each measure according to the leading speed of the old braid (leader), in order to stabilize the rhythm, unify the pace and will. On the Han River, when boats go up the river and encounter a south wind, it is a favorable wind. At this time, the boatmen put away the ropes and pull the sails to escape the wind. At this time, the "Hat of the Canopy" and "Hat of the Boat for the Wind" are called out. Since the boatmen can save a lot of effort when they meet favorable winds, they feel very "auspicious" and are often very happy when they shout "Hat of the Canopy". Therefore, the tone of the call is relatively free and active, cheerful and bright, and the rhythm changes are relatively large. When the water flow is slow and the boat is sailing on the water, it is not strong but the wind is favorable. At this time, in addition to pulling up the canopy, it is also necessary to row the boat to speed up. At this time, the boatmen shout "Hat of the Canopy and Rowing". This call begins with the leader shouting a free beat of the hat head, signaling the boatmen to prepare to row the boat. The speed of the call is relatively slow, and the tone and beat are repeated more. When it is necessary to increase strength and speed up, the speed of the call is also accelerated, and the strength is also strengthened. The tone of the combined call is also short and powerful. Sometimes the leader is not singing, but shouting, improvising lyrics. The formation of the beach call is due to the rapid water and many beach in the upper reaches of the Han River. There are often dangerous beaches after the dock, one after another. When sailing upstream, you must pull the boat hard when you encounter dangerous beaches. Over a long period of time, a set of calls has been formed for beach crossing, called beach call. Before the beach, the "opening call" is first shouted. This call has a regular rhythm, slow speed, and repeated tones. It means to tell everyone that you are about to go to the beach, get ready, unify your steps, and rush forward. Then, under the call of the leader, the boat has landed on the beach. The boatmen fall forward together, put their hands on the ground, and pull the boat hard to fight against the dangerous beaches and bad water. At this time, the "beach pulling boat call" or "reverse call" is shouted. Generally, wooden boats travel together when crossing the beach so that they can concentrate their strength when crossing the beach. After crossing the beach, because there are many people and the boat is long, it is necessary to reel in faster so as to pull the boat that has passed the beach to the shore and then pull the next boat across the beach. At this time, the leader shouts "running and pulling the boat" and starts to pull the boat to the shore. Boatmen mainly use "oars" and "paddles" to operate boats with the current. "Oars" are used as rudders in front of the boat. Boatmen mainly use "oars" and "paddles" to operate boats with the current. Boatmen mainly use "oars" to operate boats with the current. Boatmen mainly use "oars" to operate boats, "oars" to operate boats, and "boat bends". Generally, the water flow is slow and the river surface is calm. Boatmen usually use "oars" to operate boats. Since boatmen are rowing boats on flat water, the intensity is not high and the rhythm of labor is slow. This type of boatmen's ... At this time, all boats shouted "opening call" and "crossing tune", and shouted three times in a row, which was called "three starting calls". After passing the dock and encountering dangerous shoals, the boatmen shouted "down shoal call". When going down shoals, the water flow was rapid, and "oars, rudders, and oars" were used together. Because of the dangerous shoals and rapid waters, the boatmen had to keep the direction steady and were very nervous. At this time, the leader was often shouting, and the one who answered the call repeated a note with a short breath. After crossing the shoals, the boatmen's emotions also eased after a fierce fight. At this time, the leader shouted "bend boat call", preparing to stop the boat for a rest. The boatmen slowed down the speed of rowing, and the speed of the call also slowed down. The musicality was enhanced to adjust the boatmen's emotions and spirit. Offshore, docking and other calls for sailing and water, the labor forms are diverse, and the calls are also different with different labor conditions. There are calls for offshore, docking, loading and unloading cargo, pushing boats into the water, etc. Generally speaking, this type of call has a strong melody, a long and pleasant tune, and a relatively free rhythm. For example, "Solo Tune" is a call called when approaching the dock, which means to inform the shore that the ship is about to dock. The melody rhythm of this type of call is relatively free, the beat is also irregular, the melody is relatively beautiful and gentle, and the lead and the end echo each other very harmoniously. "Live Anchor Call" is a call called when the wooden boat is about to set sail the next day after loading. The boatmen happily hold a cocktail party in the evening and prepare for sailing. The rhythm of this call is relatively free at the beginning, and the speed is relatively slow. With the rhythm of labor, the speed of the melody gradually accelerates and becomes regular. The melody of the lead and the end is relatively melodic, developing in opposition, echoing each other, and the rhythm changes are also relatively large. In addition, "Up Gear Call", "Reverse Gear Call", "Meteor Call" and so on belong to this type of call, and their musicality is stronger than the call for getting on and off the water. The singing form of Hanjiang Haozi is "one leader and many choruses". The lead and chorus echo each other, and the most common form is alternating singing in coordination with the movements. There are strong elements of polyphony and imitation polyphony in these haozi, and some also include elements of contrast polyphony. Some haozi often develop from alternating singing to mixed singing as the conditions, environment and severity of water labor are different, so polyphonic elements appear. Generally speaking, the melody of Hanjiang Haozi is mainly in the lead part, and the "chorus" is often rhythmic. Some are just a repetition of a tone or a pattern to emphasize the accent, unify strength and will, and some can be seen as a fixed foil. The tunes of Hanjiang Haozi are diverse and colorful, and often use the contrast of tunes to create a color contrast to add a strong atmosphere of life and labor, which is closely related to the labor conditions and the intensity of labor. The tunes of Hanjiang Haozi include pentatonic tunes, hexaphonic tunes, comprehensive tunes and alternating tunes, which together constitute the distinctive local music style of Hanjiang Haozi. Hanjiang Haozi has both majestic and powerful songs with distinct rhythms and melodious, cheerful and bright songs. It has the musical characteristics of rich voices and varied melodies. The languages of Qin, Chu and Sichuan in Ankang and the complex geographical environment and diverse forms of labor in Ankang have created the distinctive local music style of Hanjiang Haozi. The melody of Hanjiang Haozi has large and frequent ups and downs, bold and unrestrained, tight and varied rhythms, short musical sentences and tense atmosphere. It is a treasure among the rich folk music in Ankang. In 2008, it was rated as the second batch of intangible cultural heritage of Shaanxi Province.