Mongolian long-tune folk songs

China, Mongolia
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In November 2005, it was selected into the third batch of the Representative List of the Intangible Heritage of Humanity. In 2008, it was automatically included in the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. Mongolian songs are divided into two main types, one is Uzhidindao or "long tune", and the other is "short tune" (bogino duu). As a form of expression related to grand celebrations and festivals, long tunes enjoy a unique and respected status in Mongolian society. Long tunes can be heard at weddings, housewarmings, baby births, foal markings, and other social activities and religious festivals of Mongolian nomads. Long tunes can be heard even more at the "Naadam" convention, a carnival sports event that includes wrestling, archery, and equestrian competitions. Long tunes are lyrical songs composed of 32 melodies with a large number of ornaments. They praise the beautiful grasslands, mountains, rivers, the love of parents, close friendships, and express people's thoughts on fate. Its characteristics are: extensive use of ornaments and falsetto, long and continuous flowing melodies with rich rhythmic changes, extremely wide range and improvisation. The ascending melody has a slow and steady rhythm, and the descending melody often inserts lively three-note repeated phrases, which comes from the imitation of the pace of grassland life. The singing and creation of long tunes are closely linked to the pastoral lifestyle of herders, which is still widely continued by the Mongolian people. The history of long tunes can be traced back 2,000 years and has been recorded in literary works since the 13th century. To this day, long tunes still retain a rich variety of regional styles. Long tunes play a major role in the social and cultural life of herders in Mongolia and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in northern China, in performances and contemporary music creation.

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