Yang Family Shaman Eagle God Ceremony

Heilongjiang
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The Yang family's Eagle God Sacrifice has two characteristics. First, the content and form of the sacrifice are complete and profound. The most obvious is the combination of family and wild sacrifices (also called great god sacrifices), and the wild sacrifices (sacrifice to the great god, Eagle God) are the main ones, which are used as the center to lead other family sacrifices. According to historical records, in the Qing Dynasty, the court explicitly stipulated that the people were only allowed to hold family sacrifices, not wild sacrifices. It is not easy for the Yang family to survive from ancient times to the present. The Great God Sacrifice of the Eagle God is the main purpose and soul of the Manchu shaman sacrifice. Second, the form and content are standardized and rigorous, meticulous, everything is about etiquette, and everything is subject to etiquette. The great shaman Yang Xueqin said that sacrifices are all about rules. When Yang Xueqin was 28 years old, he and his brothers learned sacrifices from his uncle, the great shaman Yang Zongyi. Every move he learned was carefully recorded, and every link and every detail was very standardized, and it could not be distorted at all. The Yang family's sacrifice lasted for three days. On the first day, at 9 a.m., they went to the selected sacred tree on the roadside at the entrance of the village to offer sacrifices. When they were 200 meters away from the sacred tree, the drummer would beat the sacred drum to accompany the whole clan. When they arrived under the sacred tree, they would tie seven wild pheasant feathers on the tree during the formal ceremony, which was also a symbol of worshipping eagles. The flowers, colorful paper, and red hair strings were all tied to the sound of drums. During the formal sacrifice, a black pig was killed, and yellow wine, pig blood, and black tea were offered on the sacrificial table. Dazi incense was lit, and the shaman sang the sacred song for the sacrifice. Then the whole clan kowtowed three times and bowed nine times. The female shaman recited the sacrificial words, and finally the female shaman used the first sacred tree to throw the incense plate, sprinkle wine, and turn three times to end. The second day's sacrifice to the sky was even more methodical and meticulous. There were strict regulations on the sacred songs and accompaniments. The divine tunes sung during family sacrifices and sacrifices to the heaven are different from those sung during the Eagle God sacrifice. The divine drum accompaniment for each sacrifice is different (there are six types of drum beats: old 0, new 0, five o'clock, nine o'clock, tight nine o'clock, tight point, and single point). The drum beats are not used randomly at any time. You cannot sit on the west kang, wear a dog-skin hat, or hold a whip. When handling funerals, go through the window but not the door. Don't get close to immortals or the black god. Don't eat animals that have never seen the sun. If you kill three pigs for sacrifice, you must eat them all at once, and you can't fry them, etc. You are always full of piety, worship, and awe. The next morning, the ancestor worship is always immersed in a solemn, solemn, pious, and awe-inspiring atmosphere. The Eagle God Sacrifice held in the evening pushed the sacrifice to 0. The smoke is lingering, the incense is red, the divine songs are loud, and the drums are deafening. The whole atmosphere is shocking and powerful. With the exciting drumbeats, people's blood rushed, giving people catharsis and comfort, giving people a sense of satisfaction, security and happiness. Because shaman sacrifice is not a creation, but a spontaneous generation from the Paleolithic Age more than 10,000 years ago or even earlier, because of the belief that all things have spirits. Shamanism can be said to be the core of the primitive civilization in northern China (focusing on the Manchus in Ningguta), and it is the earliest primitive religion in history. Its outstanding features are nature worship, totem worship, and ancestor worship. The most important of these three worships is nature worship, which developed from nature worship to totem worship. The Manchus, like other Altaic ethnic groups, believe that humans are dominated by the "gods" in the universe, and that all things have gods that dominate humans. Why is the Yang family's shaman eagle god sacrifice a very valuable and rare cultural heritage? Mainly because it tells people and proves to the public that it is the source of the civilization of the Manchu ancestors, proving that my country has three sources of civilization in history. (Yellow River, Yangtze River, Heilongjiang River) Heilongjiang River is not only one of the sources, but also the overall source. Heilongjiang River civilization or Northeast civilization may be earlier than the Yellow River and Yangtze River civilizations. The value and source of the Manchu Eagle God Sacrifice should be discussed from the Sushen people, the ancestors of the Manchu people. According to some academic works, "the Eastern Yi people who originated on the south bank of the Bohai Bay mainly use birds as totems and generally worship the sun rising from their bodies." Using the eagle as a symbol of the sun also fully proves that the shaman culture originated from the Sushen old place. It is said that the word "Sushen" is the name of the eagle. The Sushen called their own nation "descendants of the eagle". In the Jurchen period, it was directly called "Eastern Eagle", so the ancestors worshipped the eagle as their incarnation. The eagle is a god in shamanism. The shaman uses the eagle to spread its wings in the sky and can reach heaven and hell. Due to the changes in history, the Eagle God Sacrifice is just a kind of worship and awe of the totem god, an abstract god living in people's hearts. Therefore, the shamans of the Yang family put on the eagle god hat and beat the sacred drums symbolizing the bridge and the boat. The shaman's eagle god imitated the cry of the eagle and sang the sacred song to call for the arrival of the eagle god. When the sacrificed pig was moved indoors, the shaman danced the crazy eagle god dance, and the drums and waist bells became more and more urgent and louder. The shaman dancers and the tribesmen were excited about the arrival of the god, and the enthusiasm surged into the blood of the people. With the help of the power of the god, the dancers and the people were inspired to achieve mutual integration and unity, and realized the state of unity between man and nature. Praise the free and unrestrained and invincible spirit of the eagle god, praise the spiritual freedom of human vitality, and sing the ode to life! This kind of eagle god sacrifice is actually a sacrifice to man himself and worship of mankind himself. This is probably the most fundamental meaning of shaman sacrifice and the value of long-lasting vitality. German scholar Andre Lohaier said that shamanism is a complex of primitive art and called shaman the earliest artist. China is an important birthplace of shaman culture. The shaman cultural relics of the ancient Sushen tribe, which were born in the Mudanjiang River basin on the shores of Jingpo Lake, prove that we are standing on the "living fossil homeland" of shaman culture. We should cherish and make good use of this "intangible cultural heritage" as we would cherish our eyes, and make our contribution to promoting national culture and building the spiritual home of the Chinese nation.

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