Lantian Puhua Water Festival music is a folk wind and percussion music that has been circulated in Puhua Town, Lantian County, Shaanxi Province for more than a thousand years and is specially used for Buddhist affairs, charity and sacrifice. Lantian County is located in the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains in the southeast of the Guanzhong Plain. It is the gateway of ancient Chang'an to the south of Jingchu and Bashu. According to historical records, the Water and Land Hall of Lantian Wuzhen Temple, which can accommodate thousands of monks, was an important place for official and private large-scale Buddhist activities in the Tang Dynasty. In large-scale Buddhist activities such as water and land temples, wind and drum music is used to create an atmosphere. This form of Lantian Puhua Water Festival music has been passed down by monks and folk musicians to this day. Lantian Puhua Water Festival music is divided into two categories: walking music and sitting music. Because the performance involves serious and solemn events, it is never used in festive weddings. Water Festival music is simple, clear, elegant and delicate, which is in sharp contrast to the passionate and rough Qinqiang. Common repertoires include "Ode to the Qingjiang River", "Little Song", "Sanlianzi", "Baban", "Gongdiao", "Laodingang", etc. The handwritten scores of Lantian Water Club Music originally had more than 80 tunes, and its notation was the half-word score of Yanyue in the Tang Dynasty, which is also a proof of its long history. Lantian Water Club Music has shown high historical value and academic research value in terms of the composition of band instruments, repertoire, and notation. Saving and inheriting this unique folk music form is of great value to enrich the cultural life of the masses, build a harmonious society, and promote social development. After suffering a heavy blow in the 1960s and 1970s, Lantian Puhua Water Club Music has been in an endangered state for many years. There are few scores left, and a large number of musical instruments have been lost and damaged. The old artists have passed away one after another, and the rescue and inheritance work is urgent.