The yangko, which is popular in Jingzhao Township, Chengguan Town, Huangling, Fuxian and other places in Luochuan County, is an ancient traditional form different from the big yangko in northern Shaanxi. The local people call it "old yangko". Old yangko is a common form during the Spring Festival. As the yangko sings: "Year after year, every village has a happy yangko. Although the yangko is not good-looking, the beating of gongs and drums is a peaceful year." These lyrics vividly describe that the local people regard yangko activities as an indispensable activity to express people's joy when celebrating the Spring Festival and the harvest. The old yangko has the sacrificial nature and folk characteristics of traditional yangko, and has the function of entertaining gods. The local yangko organizations are all centered on temple fairs and community worship, often around villages near temples and temples, forming a folk mass yangko community worship. In the performance program, you must first worship the gods, which is called "visiting the temple", and sing "Ten Incense Sticks" and "Songs for Rain", such as the lyrics of "Four Six Songs": "Enter the temple to worship the gods, longing for the Five Emperors to show their magical powers, hoping for good wind and rain in the coming year, and praying for a good harvest for the people." After the temple visit, they will perform in the square, commonly known as "beating the official field", and then go door to door to pay New Year's greetings, which is locally called "sending yangko". The old yangko often forms a comprehensive Spring Festival community fire dance team with literary lions, dry boats, carts, cores, and stilts. During the day, they perform on the streets in villages and towns, commonly known as "beating community fire". The yangko team only follows the community fire team to perform marching performances to set off the atmosphere. When performing on the field in the evening, it is called "singing yangko", with emphasis on the old yangko. The tunes sung are mainly local folk songs. Short tunes are mainly composed of congratulatory messages, blessings and auspicious words improvised by the umbrella head; long tunes are called "suites" or "back bow tunes", which have certain narrative and story plots, such as "The Little Girl Complains", "Sending Lanterns in the Qin Room", "Zhang Sheng Plays with Yingying", "Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea", "Liu Bei Fights at Dongguan", etc. Another feature of Luochuan Old Yangge is "no dancing when singing, no singing when dancing". The folk saying is "tightening the beating makes the twisting happy, and singing without beating or twisting". When the singing reaches the climax, the umbrella head leads the scene alone, and the onlookers sing in unison. The atmosphere is prosperous, which has some of the legacy of ancient Chinese folk music performances. The old Yangge has a long history of circulation. In the shadow play box carved during the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty preserved locally, there is still a set of "Da Shehuo" program, with delicate knife work and vivid shapes, which vividly reproduces the lively scenes of Luochuan folk Shehuo in history. Common formations in the old yangko include "round field", "dragon wagging tail", "garlic braid", "scorpion twisting tail", "white horse split mane", etc. There is no limit on the number of performers, half of them are men and half are women. Women play the role of Xiaodan, also known as "pulling flowers" or "baotou". Men play the role of "husband", just like the young man in traditional opera. The basic steps of female roles are "躜躜步". When running, they stand on their heels and trot forward on their toes, lift their skirts with both hands, and keep moving forward in circles as they twist their bodies left and right, making the skirt fly up and down. Therefore, it is also called "lifting skirt yangko". Male roles walk forward and backward and twist at will. In addition, the yangko team also plays various roles such as wives, old men, fortune tellers, beggars, etc. There are also clown characters, who wear red hats, hold fly swatters in their hands, and carry a string of horse bells on their backs. They go back and forth in the yangko team, perform humorous and funny performances, and sometimes add a dry mouth (i.e. fast board) and whistle to liven up the atmosphere and add comedy. In terms of performance style and rhythmic characteristics, the old yangge has different styles of "Jingzhao yangge" and "Chengguan yangge" in addition to the general old yangge, and they have different distinctive characteristics. Jingzhao yangge is mainly spread in Jingzhao Township in the south of Luochuan County. It is developed on the basis of the traditional old yangge "lifting skirt". There is no limit to the number of performers, but they must be in a group of five, with two men and three women in each group. There are at least five or six groups during the performance, and at most more than ten groups. One man wears a long robe, a melon-shaped hat, holds a fly swatter in his right hand, an umbrella lamp in his left hand, and plays a clown, leading the way in front, called "umbrella head". Another man also plays a clown, wearing yangge colorful clothes, holding a horse gong in his hand, called "gong hand", and the three female roles are all dressed as colorful female roles, with colorful foreheads and colorful clothes, following behind the clown. One of the women has a white skirt tied around her waist, and she holds the lower corners of the skirt with both hands, twisting and dancing, which is called "lifting skirt"; another woman puts one hand on her waist and holds a colorful fan in the other, mainly twisting, which is called "walking fan"; the third woman holds a small cymbal and twists and hits it, which is called "walking hinge". It is said that this group of five reflects the scene of rich people going to fairs in the past. The umbrella holder is a 0, the skirt holder plays the lady, and the fan walker, the hinge walker, and the gong player are all maids and family members. The dance shows the process of the young man playing with the young lady 0, accompanied by percussion music, with simple movements and cheerful rhythm. Under the command of the umbrella head, the actors of each group sometimes line up, sometimes circle, and the formation changes and intersperses in an orderly manner. Chengguan Yangge is also known as ("ghost leg pulling Yangge" and "step by step double") and is popular in Chengguan Town, Luochuan. Because the performance highlights the pulling, swaying and shaking of the legs, it forms a light, cheerful and lively rhythm, giving the audience a novel and unique feeling. It is said that this kind of Yangko was formed by Chengguan artists who absorbed the twisting and swinging characteristics of Northeast Yangko on the original basis. In the 3000s, the troops of Zhang Xueliang of the Northeast Army were stationed in Luochuan. In order to celebrate the peaceful resolution of the Xi'an Incident, they danced Yangko for anti-Japanese propaganda. Inspired by this, local old artists boldly absorbed and borrowed from it, organically combining the whole body trembling, shaking and twisting with the leg-pulling and back-stepping; a fresh Yangko rhythm and image were created, and the original gongs and drums were changed to qusona, flute and other performances, accompanied by Northeast folk songs. But it is not a simple rigid copy, but a fusion development, with distinct local characteristics and a strong breath of life, becoming a unique local Yangko performance art. When performing Chengguan Yangko, there is no limit to the number of people, but men and women must be in pairs, all wearing traditional opera costumes, men play "husbands" and women play "small dan". Dancers hold lanterns or colorful fans, silk scarves, and twist and tease each other, expressing the love between young men and women. Another person plays the role of a clown, holding two sticks, shuttling back and forth between the dance troupes, making jokes. (No pictures available, please provide them.) (No pictures available, please provide them.)