Songyang Gaoqiang

Zhejiang
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Songyang Gaoqiang is one of the oldest existing operas in Zhejiang Province. It is an independent branch of the eight major Gaoqiang systems in Zhejiang and is a monophonic opera. Since the Baishagang Gaoqiang troupe in Yuyan Town, Songyang County has never stopped performing Songyang Gaoqiang, it occupies a prominent position in the inheritance of this tune, so Songyang Gaoqiang is also called "Baishagang's local tune" and the locals call it "Gaoqiang". It started in the Ming Dynasty, mainly based on Songyang local drama, and finally took shape by absorbing the artistic elements of foreign tunes such as Kunqu. It reached its heyday during the Qianlong to Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty. Songyang Gaoqiang is now mainly popular in the rural areas of southwest Zhejiang centered on Songyang, and as far as Fujian, Jiangxi, Anhui and other places. The performance of Songyang Gaoqiang retains the original state of opera, with beautiful tunes and simple styles. Its singing style belongs to the combination of tunes, but the sentence pattern and word pattern can be changed at will according to needs during singing. In the singing, the words such as "yi", "ya", "ah", "ha" are often used, and the high-pitched false voice is used to help the singing, forming a unique singing style. Songyang Gaoqiang uses orchestral accompaniment, which is a special type of Gaoqiang system. The instruments include board, drum, flute, suona, erhu, small gong, big gong, big cymbals, etc. There were more than 100 original tunes, and more than 70 of them are preserved. In the early days, the roles of Songyang Gaoqiang were divided into 8 roles: Sheng, Dan, Jing, Chou, Xiao, Tie, Wai, and Fu. Since the late Qing Dynasty, the roles of Erdan, Zuodan, Laowai, Erhua, and Sihua have been added. Since the establishment of the class, Songyang Gaoqiang artists have been passed down from generation to generation, and have been passed down for 23 generations. Their performances have distinct characteristics of folk art and exude a strong local flavor. There are more than 40 existing repertoires of Songyang Gaoqiang. "Madam Opera", "Three Champions", "Eight Immortals Bridge", "Buying Water", "Carp", "Fire Pearl", "Restaurant Killing Family" and other representative works. Songyang Gaoqiang has a high historical and cultural research value. In the 1950s and 1980s, relevant departments at all levels in Zhejiang Province, cities and counties successively restored, inherited, excavated and sorted out Songyang Gaoqiang, and achieved initial results. At present, due to the aging of Songyang Gaoqiang artists and the lack of young artists, the oral inheritance method is facing challenges. At the same time, folk troupes are difficult to enter the market and face the risk of extinction. In addition, local finances are tight and there is not enough support. Therefore, the rescue and protection of Songyang Gaoqiang is imminent and the task is long and arduous, which should be taken seriously by relevant parties.

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