1. Introduction Since Liuqin Opera, Sizhou Opera and Huaihai Opera all originated from the "Lahunqiang" in the middle of the Qing Dynasty, it has been continuously improved and evolved, so it is often called "Lahunqiang". Some places also call it "Lahuqiang" and "Lahouqiang". It is mainly distributed in most areas adjacent to Jiangsu, Shandong, Henan and Anhui. Different schools of "Lahunqiang" have formed different local styles in their own development. It was officially named Liuqin Opera in the early 20th century. Its development in Suqian has a history of about 250 years. Suqian Liuqin Opera is centered on Zaohe, Suyu. After being "orally taught and passed on" by folk artists of all generations, it has been widely spread and has become one of the representative local operas popular in Suqian. The main instrument of Liuqin Opera is the willow leaf harp. The recitation absorbs the vocalization method of Peking Opera. On the basis of fully expressing the local dialect, the language expression is more vivid and vivid. The performance style is simple, rough, easy to understand, and has a strong local flavor. 2. Historical evolution Liuqin Opera originated in the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. According to the "Jiangsu Opera Records Liuqin Opera Records", there are three theories about its origin. The most widely accepted theory is that it originated from the Taiping Song and Hunter Tune in northern Jiangsu, combined with local popular folk songs and calls to form a tune. During the Xianfeng period of the Qing Dynasty, Suqian Liuqin Opera had professional artists and troupes. From 1876 to 1942, three major troupes were formed, namely the "Liu Family Troupe" headed by Liu Xiaoding, the "Song Family Troupe" headed by Song Desheng, and the "Yin Family Troupe" headed by Yin Zuochun. Among them, the "Liu Family Troupe" was the most prosperous. In the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, Liu Xiaoxiang of the Liu family named the "Lahun Tune" as "Liuqin Opera" for the first time. The troupes gradually began to perform in towns or cities from rural areas. Liuqin Opera became the main entertainment for citizens after dinner. After the founding of New China, Liuqin Opera prospered with the support of the government. Liuqin Opera artists represented by Shan Shixin, Wang Jinming, Wang Bingchen, Wang Zhongyi and Liu Yisheng spontaneously organized a Liuqin Opera Troupe of 15 people, rehearsing more than ten plays such as "Xiaocang Mountain", "Hongluanxi", "Big Flour Jar", "Picking up Jade Bracelet", "Fishing and Killing the Family". In 1954, Zaohe established a state-owned Liuqin Opera Troupe, which absorbed the characteristics of Peking Opera performances, equipped with lighting, scenery and performance props, expanded the scale of the band, and officially put Liuqin Opera on the stage, making this local opera embark on a regular development path. In 1956, the Liuqin Opera Troupe grew from 15 to 36 people, with Shan Shixin as the head and Wang Jinming as the director. The main actors included Ding Lemei, Cai Yuhong, Gong Aiqin, Li Xialing, Liu Jiale, Chen Huamin, Xu Lemin, Li Shaohua, Yang Zhenhua (main string), Hu Baocai (drum), etc. The repertoires of the performances included 23 plays, including "Qin Xianglian", "Three Women Fighting for the Board", "Beating the Golden Branch", "Gao Ji and Wu Sanchun", "Three Drops of Blood", "Three Going to the Sedan", "Revenge", "Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai", etc., with 180 performances in a year. In 1962, the troupe was disbanded according to the instructions of the superiors, and the actors returned home to farm. In 1970, in order to do a good job in rural propaganda, the Party Committee of Zaohe Commune called back some actors and organized the "Zaohe Commune Art Propaganda Team", and expanded some new actors. The troupe had more than 40 actors and staff, and Liuqin Opera was rejuvenated again. The new repertoires performed included "Under the Cotton Tree", which won the first prize of the Jiangsu Provincial Performance, and "Shuai Keer", which won the first prize of the Huaiyin Regional Performance. In the 1980s, the art propaganda team was disbanded again. By 1994, with the support of the local party committee and cultural departments, the Zaohe Town Cultural Station gathered the disbanded troupes together, staged more than a dozen costume plays and fashion plays, and toured more than 100 performances throughout the county, which were widely welcomed by the masses. Since 2004, in order to protect this cultural heritage, the Suyu District Museum has established the Longwangmiao Palace Liuqin Opera Troupe, rehearsed ancient costume and fashion dramas, and performed them on the ancient stage of the "Longwangmiao Palace", a national key cultural relic protection unit, so that this folk art can be passed on. At the end of 2005, the Longwangmiao Palace Liuqin Opera Troupe's "Wall Records" participated in the Suqian Opera Sketch Competition and won the second prize. Today, the Longwangmiao Palace Liuqin Opera Troupe has more than 30 performers and staff. It has been active in cities and villages for a long time, and has participated in hundreds of performances such as "Culture Going to the Countryside", with hundreds of thousands of audiences. It is well-known and has a strong rural flavor. 3. Singing characteristics Liuqin Opera is a local opera genre developed from simple single singing. It originated from the "Lahunqiang" of the Qing Dynasty. It belongs to the Banqiang body but has not developed into a complete Banqiang system. Men and women sing the same strings but different tunes. There is a local saying that "If you don't listen to the Lahunqiang, you won't eat well." "When you hear the sound of the willow leaf qin, the embroidery building lady wants to jump over the wall." The lyrics structure adopts "eight-sentence baby" and "twelve-sentence sheep". The main singing tunes include "Haxian (female voice)", "Jiaoban (guide board)", "Hanqiang", "Rouqiang", "Yangqiang", "Xingqiang", "Pingqiang", etc. The male singing voice is high-pitched and high-spirited, simple and rough, flexible and changeable, with a strong sense of rhythm, good at expressing joy, anger, sorrow and happiness, and the female singing voice is tender and sweet, euphemistic and pleasant, and the connection between the coloratura and the Maodiao is natural, real and delicate. In particular, the singing of the female voice of the sad tune has absorbed the singing method of the female role of Peking Opera and Lv Opera. The coloratura is soft, the charm is deep, close to life, and has a strong sense of reality and expression. 4. Performance style The performance of Suqian Liuqin Opera is divided into civil and martial arts. The "civil field" has two-string pipa, yangqin, flute, suona, sheng, pipe, erhu, and small three-string. The "martial arts field" has "four major pieces", commonly known as "four pieces of copper", which absorbs the "gong and drum classics" of the martial arts field of Peking Opera. Its main board styles include "slow board", "two-line board", "number board" (stack board), "tight board", "five-character tight board", "scattered board", "flying board", "inverted board", "connected board" and other different board modes. 5. Main tunes Liuqin Opera artists have formed new traditional tunes through creation and adaptation in their long-term performances. For example: [Happiness in Suffering], [Embroidered Card], [Water Dragon Song], [All Kinds of Brocade], [Chaotianzi], [Holding the Dressing Table], [Cloud Lantern], [Playground], [Building the Capital], [Sweeping the Spirit], [Crying in the Hall of Devotion], [Three Pure Songs], [Walking and Sending Soldiers], [Appreciating Flowers], [Wawaling], [Welcome Spring Song], [Song of Expressing Love], [Mandarin Ducks Playing in the Water], [Happy Door], [Leaves Falling on Money], [Entering the Garden], [Meeting the Beauty], etc. 6. Main repertoires With the development of society and the continuous improvement and perfection of performance forms by folk artists, Liuqin Opera has accumulated many excellent repertoires. There are more than 50 plays in the form of Liuqin Opera, including ancient costume plays and modern costume plays (modern plays). Plays with the word "three" as the first character include: "Three Times on the Sedan", "Three Drops of Water", "Three Unwillingness", "Three Women Fighting for the Board", "Three Times on Longshan", "Three Mothers Teaching Their Sons", "Three Beatings on Zhujiazhuang", "Three Trials of Liu Yu Niang", etc. Plays with three characters in their names include: "Qin Xianglian", "Beating the Golden Branch", "Choosing a Son-in-law", "Fifteen Miles", "Meng Jiangnu", "The Fairy and the Fairy", "The Story of the White Rabbit", "The Story of Enmity", "The Story of the Wall", "The Legend of the White Snake", "The Pavilion of the River", "The Injustice of Dou E", "The Peach Blossom Temple", "The Lotus Temple", as well as "Tears on the Land of Longing", "The Candles in the Funeral Hall", "Yang Naiwu and Xiaobaicai", "Chen Sanliang Climbing the Hall", and excerpts such as "Picking Cotton", "Drinking Noodle Leaves", "Returning to the Mother's Home", "Beating the Dry Stick", "The Book House Meeting", and "Trial of the Land". After the reform and opening up, modern fashion dramas such as "Shuaikeer", "The Road is Right and the Road is Wide", "Playing the Gong", "Chasing Grain Seeds", "Two Families", "Mending the Pot", and "The Little Custodian Takes Office" were also staged. VII. Inheritance Genealogy From 1730 to 1795, Liu Yongfu, a folk artist in Suqian, was poor. He made a two-string "Tu Pipa" (Liuyeqin) and sang "Lahunqiang" on the street to support his family. After many years, "Lahunqiang" became more and more popular among the local people. Liu Yongfu went from mobile singing to fixed-point singing in the ancient theater of Longwang Temple, and developed from family-style performances to accepting apprentices and students. Liuqin Opera represented by "Liu Family Class", "Song Family Class" and "Yin Family Class" in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China has been widely circulated in Suqian and surrounding areas. The genealogy of the Longwangmiao Palace Liuqin Opera: (1730-1795) Liu Yongfu (1876-1942) Liu Xiaoding (Liu Family Troupe) Song Desheng, Song Chengxi (Song Family Troupe) Yin Chengtan, Yin Zuochun (Yin Family Troupe) (1954-1956) Zaohe Liuqin Opera Troupe: Shan Shixin, Wang Jinming, Wang Zhongyi, Wang Bingchen, Liu Yisheng and 15 others (1956-1966) Zaohe Liuqin Opera Troupe: Cai Yuhong, Gong Aiqin, Li Xialing, Liu Jiale, Chen Huamin, Li Shaohua, Yang Zhenhua, Hu Baocai and 36 others (1970-1980) Commune Propaganda Team : Wang Baoshu, Yang Zhenhua, Wang Baochi, Wang Yumin, Xu Lesheng, Liu Guizhi, Zhao Peilan, Hu Mingxia, Zhang Xia, Wang Guanglan, He Hengxia, Shi Junmei, Wang Yumei, Lu Shunian, Zhang Shuliang, Zhang Shouwei, Ma Hui, Ma Qin, Ding Lesheng, Hu Baizhou, Cai Xinzu, Li Shaohua and 45 others (1994-1996) Art and Literature Propaganda Team: Wang Baoshu, Wang Baochi, Yang Zhenhua, Xu Lemin, Liu Guizhi, Ma Qin, Tang Yun'e, Gong Aiqun, Ma Hui, Hu Baizhou, Ding Lesheng, Wang Yumin, Cai Xinzu, Zhang Shuliang, Chen Huamin, Wang Lide, Zhao Peilan and 25 others. (2004-2006) Liuqin Troupe: Yang Zhenhua, Wang Baoshu, Wang Baochi, Zhang Xia, Xu Lemin, Liu Guizhi, Ma Qin, Wang Yumin, Ding Lesheng, Hu Baizhou, Zhang Wei, Zhang Zongwei, Lu Shunian, Zhang Shuliang, Ma Hui, Ma Li, Wang Lide, Shi Junmei, Zhao Peilan, Yang Xiaojuan, Hu Mingxia and 25 others. 8. Introduction of the inheritor Yang Zhenhua, male, 65 years old, from Zaohe, Suyu, Suqian, Jiangsu Province. He joined the Liuqin Troupe in 1956 and specialized in willow-leaf qin performance, composition and directing. In 1959, he won the first prize in the Huaiyin City Liuqin Solo Competition. The Liuqin opera "Under the Cotton Tree" directed by him participated in the provincial drama competition and won the first prize for directing. He is currently the deputy director of the Longwangmiao Palace Liuqin Troupe. Wang Baoshu, male, 63 years old, was born in Zaohe, Suyu, Suqian, Jiangsu. In 1961, he was merged from Zaohe Liuqin Troupe No. 2 into Zaohe Liuqin Troupe. He specializes in Liuqin opera performance and singing research. He was the captain of the Zaohe Commune Propaganda Team. In 1974, he starred in "The Carpenter Breaks Off the Engagement", which won the first prize in the Huaiyin Opera Festival. He is currently the director and deputy head of the Longwangmiao Palace Liuqin Opera Troupe; Wang Baochi, male, 50 years old, from Zaohe, Suyu, Suqian, Jiangsu Province, started performing Liuqin Opera at the age of 18, and starred in five plays including "Shuaikeer". He participated in the city and county art performances and won the first, second and third prizes. He is currently the main actor of the Longwangmiao Palace Liuqin Opera Troupe; Wang Lide, male, 54 years old, from Zaohe, Suyu, Suqian, Jiangsu Province, engaged in the research of Liuqin Opera singing in 1980, focusing on editing, directing and erhu performance, and is currently the director of Suyu District Museum and the head of the Longwangmiao Palace Liuqin Opera Troupe