Lintong Ten-sided Gongs and Drums
The "Ten-sided gong and drum" dance is popular in the towns of Lingkou, Ma'e, Zhili, Xinfeng, Tielu, etc. in Lintong District of Xi'an City, as well as in Nanyi Village of Weinan City and some areas of Gaoling County connected to Lintong District. The dance team of the Ten-sided gong and drum is composed of 21 male actors, one of whom beats the horse gong to conduct, and another ten beat the community drum and ten beat the community gong. The dancers carry a flower pole about 140 cm high with triangular flags and paper flowers made of various colored papers on their backs. The Shegu and Shegong are held with a soft bamboo pole (horizontal pole) extending forward from the middle and lower end of the back flower pole, and carried on the dancer's left shoulder, commonly known as the "back bow". A thin rope hook is installed at the front end, and the Shegong is hung on the hook. The left hand holds the gong tie and the right hand holds the gong hammer to hit it. The Shegu is hung in the same way as the Shegong, that is, one drum ring is hung on the iron hook at the front end of the horizontal pole, and a silk ribbon is passed through the other drum ring and tied to the waist, so that the inclined surface of the drum is horizontal in front of the chest, and the left hand holds the iron hook of the drum stand and the right hand holds the drum hammer to hit the drum. The way to hold the Shegu and Shegong is also commonly known as "back bow drum" and "back bow gong" by the folks. In addition, there are also those who do not use the "back bow" stand; they only hang the drum horizontally in front of the abdomen and hold the drumsticks with both hands to hit it alternately, which is called "double-double-hammer drum style". In the Lingkou Street performance in Lintong District, twelve or thirteen-year-old children dance and beat the drums while standing on stilts. Although there are single-hammer and double-hammer, and there are differences between walking on stilts and walking flat, their performance forms and styles are basically similar. The horse gong player leads the gong and drum players to form a column, beating the gongs and drums while running non-stop. The commonly used formation patterns include "white horse splitting mane", "double jade bracelets", "scissors twisting", "chaoshuai flag", "Taiji diagram", "five horses rolling hoofs", "three pole flags", "four gates", "dragon wagging tail", "double braided garlic", "cross whip", etc. The formation changes smoothly and the composition is rigorous and harmonious. The dancers beat the drums, gongs and horse gongs while dancing, and there is no accompaniment band. The horse gong is usually the leading instrument, and the drums and big gongs cooperate with it. The whole gong and drum rhythm changes are divided into three sections: the first section is gentle and solemn, the middle section is sonorous and powerful, and the last section is warm and cheerful. The performers beat harder and faster as the gong and drum rhythm changes. The sound of the gongs and drums is like thunder, and the back flowers are like rainbows, making people feel like the ancient army training and arranging battle formations. According to the old artist Cao Keqin (1912-1982), it is said that the ten-sided gongs and drums evolved from the suspicious troops formation set up by Han Xin. More than 2,000 years ago, the Chu and Han fought in Bashang (now Lingkou in Lintong and Xiyuan in Weinan). The King of Chu was about to attack the Han army with a large army of 100,000, but the Han army had only a few soldiers at the time and could not fight against it. Han Xin came up with a clever plan to let each member of the Han army carry a flag and beat gongs and drums, running back and forth to beat them. The King of Chu saw the Han army's flags flying, drums beating, dust flying, and shouting, and mistakenly thought that the Han army was mobilizing troops and suspected that there were heavy troops ambushing, so he did not dare to act rashly, and as a result, he missed the opportunity to fight and was finally destroyed by the Han army. In order to praise the achievements of the Han King Liu Bang and the wisdom of the general Han Xin, later generations created ten gongs and drums to imitate the suspicious formation set up by Han Xin. Although this is a legend, from the current performance style and the use of costumes and props, one can still feel the atmosphere of an ancient military formation. In addition to being performed during the Spring Festival, the Ten-Sided Gongs and Drums are also used as a ceremonial guard when local clans visit their ancestors' graves during the Qingming Festival (commonly known as "Shangguanfen"). The dancers carry colorful flower poles on their backs and beat the drums to lead the way, which enhances the solemn atmosphere of the Qingming Festival. In May 2007, the Ten-Sided Gongs and Drums were included in the Shaanxi Province Intangible Cultural Heritage List, and in June 2008, they were identified as the intangible cultural heritage of Xi'an. (No pictures yet, welcome to provide.) (No pictures yet, welcome to provide.)