Heyang Folk Suona

Shaanxi
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Heyang folk suona is one of the third batch of intangible cultural heritages in Shaanxi Province, mainly distributed in Heyang County, Shaanxi Province and its surrounding areas. Heyang County is located in the eastern part of Guanzhong area in Shaanxi Province. In the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, Heyang was the "Youshen Kingdom", and was called Xihe in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Heyang was established in the Qin Dynasty and has been a county since the early Han Dynasty. Heyang has a long history and profound traditional culture. In the ancient Youshen Kingdom era, "Guanju" was the representative work of the opening of the Book of Songs, which created the source of love poems. In production and life, people pursue beauty and look forward to the future. They sing their aspirations, express their feelings, sing their hearts, and chant their emotions, creating rich national folk culture and art. Heyang folk suona, as a special skill, has a wide range of living space. Suona, also known as trumpet, is the sound of the Persian word "surna". It was called "Suona" in the Ming Dynasty and "Surna" in the Qing Dynasty. It was originally a musical instrument in the Persian area of Southwest Asia (now Iran) and was introduced to my country during the Jin and Yuan Dynasties. Another theory is that Heyang called folk wind and percussion artists "Kucha", the name of an ancient country in the Western Regions, in the present-day Kuqa area of Xinjiang. Combined with the folk name for suona artists, suona may also have been introduced from the Western Regions. Heyang Tiaoxi is the oldest type of opera, known as the living fossil of Chinese opera. As the only accompaniment instrument of Tiaoxi, suona's history in Heyang can be traced back further. Heyang folk suona has a long history and was introduced to the mainland from the ancient Western Regions in the Tang Dynasty. In the long-term development process, through the continuous creation and processing of folk artists, Heyang suona has formed its own unique style. Suona consists of four parts: reed reed, copper connector, conical wooden pipe, and horn (bowl). When playing, the sound of the reed reed resonates through the wooden pipe at the horn mouth, and a loud sound can be produced. Suona has a total of 8 holes, 7 on the top and 1 on the back. The back hole sound is the same as the tube sound, and the 8th hole sound is the same as the first hole sound. Heyang suona is mainly played in C tune, which is used by old artists in the old days; the foot-shaped suona is mainly played in B flat tune, which is widely used by artists today; the small suona (sea flute) is mostly used for solo performance. The main instruments for suona performance include small drums, small hairpins, and large gongs, and there are also string instruments in solo performance. There are more than 120 traditional suona tunes such as Dilihua, Baichang, Changcheng, Xiaokaimen, Bai Niao Chaofeng, and Shuangfeng Chaoyang. Heyang folk suona has rich playing skills. From the form, it can be divided into single blowing, double blowing, double blowing with reed, and Kaxi. From the technical point of view, there are soft sounds, glissando, overtones, single and double spitting, etc. The rich playing skills have also derived many unique skills such as flower hairpins, bowls on the head, and lottery. Heyang folk suona also has a rich tune. After the creation, transplantation, and adaptation of folk artists, more than 120 traditional repertoires have been excavated and sorted out. The sound of Heyang folk suona is high-pitched, loud and penetrating; the tunes are divided into happy tunes and sad tunes. The happy tunes are light, joyful, passionate, loud, harmonious and pleasant; the sad tunes are deep, euphemistic and resentful. Heyang suona is widely used as an accompaniment for folk weddings, funerals, marriages, marriages, rituals, music, ceremonies, sacrifices and other ceremonies. It has been applied in mass cultural activities such as community fire, yangko, and celebrations. Heyang folk suona is a folk art with certain traditional cultural characteristics. Its main value is: 1. Entertainment appreciation value. Weddings, funerals, marriages, celebrations, stage performances, square performances and other activities are inseparable from the participation of suona playing. It has become a form of entertainment among the people. 2. Research value. Heyang suona is combined with local folk customs and retains many traditional tunes. These tunes are the result of long-term creation by folk artists. It can be seen that the study of suona, a traditional art, has certain value to the history of folk customs, opera history, and music history of our country. After liberation, Heyang folk suona began to be performed in high-end venues. The late famous artist Wang Ruiting was awarded the Outstanding Performance Award at the Shaanxi Folk Music Performance; the famous old artist Chen Gencheng went to Beijing to perform in 1958 and was received by the first-class central leaders. In 1979, he won the Honorary Award issued by Shaanxi Province; the old suona artist Cao Hairong participated in the "Five Round Drums" performance at the Second China Art Festival in 1986 and won the third place in suona performance; today, Heyang folk suona has emerged with a group of well-rounded players such as Guo Yusheng, Wang Zhongxue, and Qiao Jianfeng, who have raised the art of suona playing to a higher level.

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