The Miao Lusheng culture is an important cultural event in Leishan County. Leishan County has inconvenient transportation, but the beautiful ecological environment has enabled the Miao Lusheng culture to develop comprehensively and be well preserved. In the Miao residential area, there are Lushengs in every village and venues in every village. No matter men, women, old or young, everyone can dance and everyone can dance. Nowadays, there are many young women who can play and dance. Lusheng making craftsmen live in Paika Village in Danjiang Town, Pingxiang Village in Fangxiang Township, and Queniao Village. These villages are hidden in the mountains and transportation is extremely inconvenient. The Miao Lusheng has a long history and is a witness to the development of the Miao history and culture. Lusheng is a traditional musical instrument of the Miao people. The Lusheng making process has been continuously inherited and developed with the rise of Lusheng culture. In the earliest collection of poems in my country, "The Book of Songs", there are poems such as "blowing Sheng and playing reeds, blowing Sheng and blowing Sheng, playing reeds and playing reeds". Qu Yuan's "Chu Ci Tianwen" (Kan Zi Pian) said: "Chu Sheng crowns China, and Chu people play Sheng the best in the world." During the Warring States Period, Chu called the land of Jingman. "Jingman" was the area where the Miao people once lived. "Chusheng" is the Miao reed pipe. "New Book of Tang Nanzhao" said: "The barbarians in the southwest "blow the gourd pipe, the pipe on the pipe, and say goodbye to the guests with wine, and push the cup and pour it with the pipe." "Six bamboo pipes of different shapes, long reeds and yellow bells, short sounds are clear and scattered, dancing with the rhythm, blowing away and hurrying, Miao women and Miao men, the mountains are full of moon flowers." "The Biography of the Barbarians in the Southwest of the Song Dynasty" said: "One person blows the gourd pipe like a mosquito, and for a long time, dozens of people dance together, with their feet on the ground as the rhythm." It is talking about the reed pipe and the reed pipe dance. "The Map of Southern Guizhou" said: "Pyongyang was chosen as the moon field, and men and women all had beautiful legs, played the reed pipe, and danced to the music." "The Explanation of Names" in Volume 4 of "Qianshu" said: "The pipe was born in the earth, like an object that penetrates the earth and is made of gourd. It is hollow in the middle to receive the reed, which is the gourd pipe, the pipe of Nuwa. "Lusheng is an ancient heritage of the Miao people. It is a reed instrument and one of the most favorite instruments of the Leishan Miao people. It is a symbol of the Miao singing and dancing culture. The Lusheng consists of four parts: bamboo tube, air bucket and resonance tube. Its production materials and process are as follows: It is cast with resonant copper (a few are made of brass). After the craftsmen melt the copper with charcoal in a small red furnace, they gently beat it into long copper sheets of varying thickness, size, length and shortness according to the needs of large and small Lushengs. Then, three sides are chiseled through the square of the copper sheet to form a trapezoidal small reed tongue. It is then hammered red for many times to form a smooth and sealed whole piece of copper sheet. It is scraped with a blade to show yellow, check whether there is any gap on the edge of the tongue to prevent air leakage. When blowing or inhaling, the middle reed tongue shakes up and down to make a sound, and the height of the sound depends on the length and thickness of the reed tongue piece. Bamboo tubes (also called Sheng seedlings) are generally made of white bamboo, purple bamboo, and bitter bamboo. They have long bamboo joints, large hollows, moderate bamboo wall thickness, and are not easy to crack. When making them, the bamboo is washed and dried, the bamboo joints are chiseled through to the tip, the bottom is sealed, a rectangular opening is cut at the appropriate position at the lower end of the bamboo tube, the cast reed tongue is placed at the bamboo mouth, and the edges are sealed to prevent air leakage. Each bamboo tube must be chiseled through a hole so that the eye can be pressed according to the sound when playing. The air bucket is also called the Sheng column, which is used to hold the bamboo tube part and is generally made of fir and other woods. First, hollow out the center from the lower end of the wooden column to the blowing port, and then cut it into a cylindrical or square column with a large lower end and a small upper end. At the appropriate position at the lower end, chisel 6 holes for the 6-tone bamboo tubes from the front to the foot of the bucket at an angle of 75 degrees and 90 degrees. Insert the installed bamboo tubes into the air bucket eyes to adjust the volume and syllables. , it can blow out 6 tones, and the lusheng is made. This is the traditional 6-tube process. On this basis, 15-tube, 17-tube, 18-tube, and 21-tube multi-tube lushengs are made at the same time, and their tones are divided into C, B, E, F, and G, middle and high pitch multi-tube lushengs. Lushengs are specifically divided into the following types: high-row lushengs, which are the lushengs of the Miao people in Fangxiang area, and are the tallest lushengs in the world. Most of the lushengs in Leishan area are three in a pair, but the lushengs in Fangxiang area are different. They are five or six meters high, and more than seven in a group, so they are called high-row lushengs, and the sound is loud. Mangtong lusheng is the collective name of mangtong and lusheng. The local Miao people call it "gandong", which means mangtong lusheng. Several pairs of mangtongs and several lushengs are added. When playing, the high, medium, and low tones are harmonized to form a harmonious song. Mangtong is made of a single-tone clarinet and a bamboo sound tube, and there are also High, medium and low pitch products. The big Lusheng is a large Lusheng with a higher pipe and a larger volume on the basis of the ordinary Lusheng. This Lusheng is exquisitely made, beautiful and elegant, and has a melodious tone when played. There is also a Lusheng made of Yangshan bamboo that is refined into a small trumpet shape and an inverted bamboo tube, which is installed on the upper end of the middle pipe of the Lusheng to amplify the volume. It is also called a big Lusheng, and is called "ganzhe" in the local Miao language. If you play a minor tune, it is gentle and beautiful, tender and touching. The multi-tube Lusheng is an improved variety, with as few as twelve pipes and as many as eighteen pipes. Multiple pipes and multiple sounds can play music. There is also a small Lusheng, which is only about a foot long. The sound and air pipes are installed at the joints, which can be installed and removed, easy to carry, unique craftsmanship, very beautiful, both a Lusheng and a handicraft, very popular with customers, and sold at home and abroad. Lusheng lyrics, Lusheng music and Lusheng dance. Lusheng lyrics: Lusheng lyrics are composed of "lining lyrics" and "lyrics". "Backing words" means that each Lusheng song is accompanied by a sung lyrics (or "oral reading of the score"). Once people learn to "oral reading of the score", it is easy to play the Lusheng, which is a method of transmission. "Lyrics" are a Lusheng tone similar to a sentence, which can have the function of expressing meaning of the tube sound. It is a "music lyrics" that "transmits texts through music". Lusheng music: through the high and low range of the sheng tube, the length of the breath and the changes in the mouth and tongue, and the effective control of strength, with the melody line of different high and low voices as the vertical axis, with a combination of multi-part instruments, the rhythm of slow and fast, pause, continuity, strength and the use of harmonious sounds are unified, so as to express a certain thought and emotion. The commonly used harmonic sounds of Lusheng are pure octave, pure fifth, pure fourth and major second. Lusheng dance: It is a dance accompanied by Lusheng. The blower can dance, the dancer can blow, and they can blow and dance at the same time. According to the requirements of different content, emotions and rhythm changes, there are nearly 30 dance styles, including trio dance, group dance, three-step dance, four-step dance, golden pheasant dance, and flower-asking dance. The relationship between playing the Lusheng and dancing includes: Sheng accompaniment dance, Sheng-led dance, and Sheng self-dance. The Lusheng music can be divided into "Song of Nuo De Zhong", "Great Sadness Tune", "Harmony Tune", "Sai Tune", "Flower-asking Tune", etc. The serialization of the Lusheng production technology of the Leishan Miao people has enriched and developed the Lusheng music into a colorful one. The Lusheng production technology preserves the production technology of traditional reed instruments in ancient China, and develops it into a distinctive personality on its basis. The Lusheng made in the Leishan area has pure sound quality and a smooth and beautiful appearance. Lusheng production is a perfect combination of music theory and physics. In addition to understanding certain music theory knowledge, Lusheng production also requires physical knowledge and mechanical principles. Craftsmen have passed down from generation to generation in the local area. Lushengs are of various types, and different types of Lushengs have different functions in use. High-row Lusheng and Mangtong are often used in solemn occasions, multi-tube Lusheng and small Lusheng are often used in singing and dancing, and large Lusheng and multi-tube Lusheng are more commonly used in festivals. Lusheng craftsmanship and related music, dance, products and their functions are important means of historical memory, ethnic identity, social activities and cultural inheritance in the Miao community, and have extremely important cultural application value in the Miao community. Lusheng contains the wisdom and beliefs of the Miao people. The Miao Lusheng dance, which is rich in local ethnic colors, shows the value of physical and mental health and cultural inheritance in its development. Under the new historical conditions, the inheritance of traditional Lusheng production technology has encountered some difficulties. Except for a handful of Lusheng masters who can still make it, there are few young people who can make it independently or are willing to learn. The production process of Miao Lusheng is very particular, and the comprehensive quality of the maker is very high. On the one hand, making Lusheng requires a high level of understanding, which is not something that ordinary people can do. It is best to have a certain amount of music theory knowledge; on the other hand, traditional Lusheng production relies entirely on manual operation, which requires a lot of labor. It is difficult for ordinary artists to master this manual skill in a short period of time. Most villages still have six-pipe Lushengs, but in Leishan County, only a few villages such as Fangxiang and Nanmenglangde Shangzhai have high-level Lushengs. The Miao Lusheng production process is passed down from master to master. Lusheng masters never use drawings, but rely on brain memory. There is a lack of reference materials, and the impact of foreign culture has led to young people rarely playing Lushengs. They are unwilling to learn traditional Lusheng repertoires, and often use Lushengs to play popular songs. Young people are even more reluctant to learn how to make them.