The Buyi "Mojing" is a kind of literature with primitive religion, which is collectively created, adapted, inherited and sung by the Buyi "Bumo". The Buyi "Mojing" is well preserved, and the most representative ones are the ancient Buyi villages in Zhenfeng County and Dapanjiang Village in Guanling County. Zhenfeng County is located in the north-southwest of Guizhou Province, bordering Zhenning and Wangmo in the east, Ceheng and Anlong in the south, Xingren in the west, and Guanling in the north. Guanling County is located in the southwest of central Guizhou Province, adjacent to Zhenning Buyi and Miao Autonomous County in the northeast, Beipanjiang in the southwest, Qinglong County, Xingren County, Zhenfeng County across the river, and Liuzhi Special District in the northwest. Dapanjiang Village is located in the southwest of Guanling County, in a river valley on the bank of Beipanjiang River. There are 180 households and more than 900 people in the village, mainly Buyi people with the surnames Wu and Cen living in different areas. Some of the ancient buildings in the village are still well preserved. Groups of century-old banyan trees surround the village. The Beipan River flows from west to east through the south side of the village. There are ancient sites from the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period on the south bank of the village. It is a relatively closed and primitive ancient village of the Buyi people. It was one of the channels for transporting salt in ancient times. Locals still call it the Salt Road. It is said that Moism was founded by "Baolaotuo" in ancient times. "Baolaotuo" had fourteen virtuous disciples, seven male disciples called "Qibudai" and seven female disciples called "Qimaimo". The fourteen disciples developed, supplemented and improved the "Mo Sutra" first created by "Baolaotuo", forming fourteen streams, and preached in various areas of the Buyi people. Therefore, there is a saying in the "Mo Sutra" that "the head is not together but the tail is together, there are fourteen 'Baoertuo'". Buyi Moism originated in the late Paleolithic period, and the Mo Sutra was synchronized with it. For a long period of history, the Mo Sutra has been passed down by word of mouth. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, some Bumo began to record the Mo Sutra in the sound of Chinese characters. In the Ming Dynasty, with the promotion of Chinese schools in the Buyi area, the Mojing was recorded according to pronunciation using the similar pronunciation of Chinese characters, plus some square Buyi characters created according to the "Six-Book Method of Creating Characters" using the radicals of Chinese characters. The Buyi "Mojing" in Zhenfeng County includes two major systems: the "Funeral and Dead Sutra" and the general miscellaneous sutras. The number of volumes of the "Funeral and Dead Sutra" varies from place to place. The "Funeral and Dead Sutra" in Bahao Village, Beipanjiang Town, Zhenfeng County has the most volumes, totaling 15 volumes. They are: "Sacrificial Coffin Sutra", "Entering the Underworld Sutra", "Exiting the Underworld Sutra", "Song Sutra" (a total of 13 sections), "Sacrificial Banner Sutra", "Hanging Banner Sutra", "Sacrificial Sutra", "Longevity Sutra", "Ending Sutra" (a total of 24 sections), "Coffin Side Sutra", "Filial Son Sacrifice Sutra", "Instructions Sutra", "Redemption of Grain Soul Sutra", "Redemption of Head Sutra". The general miscellaneous scriptures mainly include "Inviting Dragon Song", "Jielong Sutra", "Jiuyueliu Temple Sacrifice", "Visiting Already", "Tuixian Sutra", etc. Each ritual of exorcising evil spirits, curing diseases and praying for blessings has a corresponding book, which can be described as "voluminous". In Guanling Dapanjiang Village, certain religious ceremonies are held every year or when an old man passes away. The "Mo Sutra" is divided into two categories: "Dubang" (the sutra for praying for disaster relief and blessings) and "Bingwang" (the sutra for transcending the dead). "Dubang" includes 22 volumes such as "Guilang", "Saozhai", "Saowu", and "Jiebang". The words and sentences in "Dubang" are antithetical and rhymed, with rich content and vivid images. "Bingwang" includes 32 volumes such as "Mokao", "Kouyin", "Rongqie", and "Hensi", with a total of 55,272 words, covering a wide range of topics and is the main part of the "Mojiao" of the Buyi people. There are six parts, including "Funeral King" for the salvation of the dead, "Thanking the Tomb" for burying the dead, "Xiang Wang" for the salvation of the souls of the dead outside, "Gui Lang" for praying for the birth of a son or daughter, "Sweeping the Village and Sweeping the House" for exorcising ghosts and evil spirits, "Jie Bang" for praying for blessings and avoiding disasters, and "Thanking the Land" for worshipping the God of Land. Each part is divided into several sections. The 64-year-old inheritor of the village, Wu Ruixian, hand-copied the "Mo Sutra" in Chinese characters, with a total of 54 volumes and 92,561 characters. Cotton paper, thread-bound albums, running script, now kept in Wu Ruixian's place, well preserved. In the "Mojiao" ritual activities, "Bumo" (Mo Master) often uses bronze drums, gongs, drums, cymbals, broadswords, etc. as percussion instruments or dance tools when chanting the "Mo Sutra". The main features of the Mojing are: The Zhenfeng Mojing has fixed prayers, and at the beginning of many ceremonies, a few fixed sentences must be recited: do not invite anyone from afar, do not invite anyone with a different surname, do not invite anyone above, and do not invite anyone below, but only invite someone (the object of prayer). Inviting you is not in vain, and inviting you is not empty. Oral inheritance, relatively stable: The Mojing is the "Mojiao" -, based on serious religious beliefs, and the content cannot be changed. The ancient language, ancient sound, and ancient meaning have been passed down for thousands of years and still retain their original style. Among them, the "Kouyin" which is said to be created by "Baolaotuo" is still intact in various regions. Recorded in a literary way, the genres are diverse, the content is rich, and the coverage is wide: The literary genres of the Mojing include divine epics, legends, poems, and ballads, etc., dating back thousands of years, spanning the world and the human world, describing the society, history, culture, economy, philosophy, folklore, etc. There are many ancient languages and ancient words of the Buyi people, and the words are rich. Most of the words and sentences are parallel and rhymed, and various literary techniques such as repetition and parallelism are used. Most of them are neat five-word or seven-word rhymed sentences, with sonorous rhymes and strong rhythms, which are the model of Bouyei poetry. Comprehensive historical reproduction, "Mo Jing" uses religious sacrifices as a carrier and various literary styles such as poetry, prose, stories and legends, and ballads as a form of expression. It comprehensively records the historical development of the Bouyei people and shows the thoughts, language and cultural level of the Bouyei people, involving anthropology, sociology, philosophy, linguistics, literature, art, music, skills and other fields. "Mo Jing" is a relatively complete Bouyei oral document preserved today, and it occupies an extremely important position in the study of the development history of the Bouyei people; as a model of Bouyei poetry, Mo Jing is between the literary types of secular literature and religious literature, folk literature and historical literature. It has a high literary research value not only for the study of Bouyei literature, but also for the study of the entire minority literature and religious art, such as the famous ancient historical song "King An and King Zu" and the love narrative poem "Fan Long". The Mo Sutra is passed down through oral transmission: Luo Dajin of Bahao Village, Zhenfeng County has a comprehensive grasp of the Mo Sutra, and its inheritance genealogy is: Zhou Chaoyuan (the seventh year of Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty - the seventeenth year of Guangxu) --- Luo Dengwen (born in the fifth year of Xianfeng) --- Luo Shunqing (1890-1984) --- Luo Dajin (born in 1932); Most of the Mo Sutra in the Beipanjiang River Basin of Guanling was passed down from the handwritten copy of the Wu family in Xiaopanjiang. The date is unknown. It was passed down to Wu Shigong in the Qing Dynasty. Wu Shigong passed it on to Wu Shaoxian. Wu Shaoxian had no son and passed it on to his son-in-law Luo Shuncai of Xingdong Village, Gangwu Town. Luo Shuncai recruited apprentices to teach, and the one who learned the most profoundly among the apprentices was Wu Ruixian from Dapanjiang Village, Xinpu Township, Guanling County. Representative inheritor: Wu Ruixian, male, Buyi nationality, junior high school education, born in 1943, lives in Dapanjiang Village, Xinpu Township, Guanling County. In 1958, he studied Mojing under Luo Shuncai and engaged in "Mo exhibition and ethnic cultural exchange, the significance of which is now unknown. At present, the team of Mo teachers in various parts of the Buyi ethnic group is aging, the space for Mo religious rituals is getting smaller and smaller, and there are fewer and fewer young people who advocate learning "Mojing". "Mojing", a document of the Buyi ethnic group's oral inheritance, is facing the risk of being lost and urgently needs to be rescued and protected. (No pictures yet, welcome to provide.) (No pictures yet, welcome to provide.)