The making technique of Tsa-tsa (Lhasa Tsa-tsa making technique) is a national intangible cultural heritage. "Tsa-tsa" refers to a molded clay Buddha or clay pagoda. The early Indian-style Tsa-tsa found in Tibet is mostly made of red clay, with irregular edges and overflowing clay. The patterns are mostly divine towers, auspicious towers and bodhi towers, and most of them are printed with Prajna Sutra mantras. After that, Tibet itself began to make Tsa-tsa, and the content and themes gradually increased. The six-syllable mantra in Tibetan was replaced by the Sanskrit sutras and mantras transcribed from Tibetan. The Han and previous written languages call it "molded clay Buddha statues" or "mud rubbings". The purpose of making Tsa-tsa by Tibetan Buddhist monks and laymen is to accumulate good deeds and merits, and regard it as a sacred object for eliminating disasters and praying for blessings. It is mostly used for the decoration of Buddha statues and pagodas. Some are directly placed in temples, caves for practice or "Tsa-kang" and "Mentang", and some are piled up in Mani piles on mountain tops and intersections, together with wind horse flags, Mani stone carvings and prayer flags, and worshiped by believers. In addition to the above-mentioned ways of offering, it is also popular to place the Tsa-tsa in the ga-wu that one carries with him/her so that he/she can visualize and praise it anytime and anywhere. In addition, officials of the Tibetan local government above the fourth rank also wear the ga-wu containing the Tsa-tsa in their hair as a symbol of their official rank. Tsa-tsa can be divided into relief sculptures made with single-sided molds and round sculptures made with double-sided molds in terms of craftsmanship. There are roughly two types of shapes: one is the tower shape, on which there are Buddha statues and various transformations; the other is the brick shape, on which there are Buddha statues and scriptures and mantras. In terms of color, it can be divided into plain mud, color, mud gold or both, and there is also a difference between air-dried and fire-baked. In terms of ingredients, there are also many types of Tsa-tsa. Generally, the most common mud is used, while the more sophisticated ones are made of Aga mud or mud mixed with incense ash and paper pulp; the other is the "medicine Tsa" made of mud medicine slurry or Tibetan medicine. In addition, there are also tsa-tsa made by mixing the ashes and relics of one's guru, parents, relatives and friends with soil in the hope of eliminating sins, or expressing the desire to offer the body to Buddha, similar to the "good karma mud" of the Tang Dynasty. On May 24, 2021, the tsa-tsa making technique applied by Lhasa City, Tibet Autonomous Region (Lhasa tsa-tsa making technique) was approved by the State Council to be included in the fifth batch of national intangible cultural heritage representative projects.