Lanzhou drum is a form of folk art that was formed and mainly popular in Lanzhou, Gansu, and performed in Lanzhou dialect. It is said that the "Song Yangko" form, which was mainly sung in Gansu rural areas and mainly sang [Da Zao Ge] and [Qie Diao], flowed into Lanzhou and was performed in a cappella style, forming Lanzhou drum, which was in the middle and late Qing Dynasty. In the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China, Lanzhou drum was further influenced by the "single string octagonal drum" from Beijing and the "Mi Hu Zi" (Meihu) from Shaanxi, and was further finalized in art. Its performance form is that many people sing while holding three-stringed yangqin, pipa, moon guitar, huqin, flute, etc., and then one person sings while playing a small moon drum on the high platform, and many others accompany with three-stringed yangqin, pipa, moon guitar, huqin, etc. The musical structure of Lanzhou drum singing belongs to the qupai linked set, and the commonly used singing tunes include [Po'erxia], [Luojiang Yuan], [Bianguan Diao] and more than 40 other tunes. For a long time, Lanzhou drum music was mainly performed by amateurs, with few professional artists. Wang Yidao, Cao Yueru, Tang Jianghu, Ma Dongbashi, Zhang Guoliang, Lu Yingkui and others were relatively famous Lanzhou drum music singers in the early days. Its traditional programs are extremely extensive, including medium-length and long pieces on historical stories and folk legends, as well as short pieces praising scenery and celebrating celebrations. The programs that are popular with the audience are "boudoir songs" and "hero songs". The former include "Heartache after separation", "Torturing Hong", "Yingying's Farewell", "Monopolizing the Oiran", etc., and the latter include "Wusong Fighting the Tiger", "Lin Chong's Night Escape", "Yanqing Fighting", etc. There are also some works that reflect negative thoughts of escaping from the world, with "Red Dust Penetration" and "Fisherman and Woodcutter Questions and Answers" as the most typical ones. In the mid-1940s, Li Haizhou (1907-1983), an enthusiastic fan of Lanzhou drum music, organized the "Nanshan Society Drum Music Research Association" to investigate and preserve a lot of Lanzhou drum music art materials. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Lanzhou drum began to take the stage, and some new programs appeared, including "Yang Zirong Conquers the Tiger", "Seizing Shanlan Station", "Robbing the Prison Car", "Han Ying Meets His Mother", etc. Well-known actors include Duan Shutang, Wang Ziying, Zhang Linyu, Wang Yalu, etc. For a long time, the inheritance and development of Lanzhou drum has been in a state of self-flow, with few artists and performances. It is urgent to take effective measures to support and protect it.