The Lanzhou Taiping Drum Dance in Gansu has a history of more than 600 years. It is known as the "No. 1 Drum in the World" and is popular in Lanzhou, Yongdeng, Jiuquan, Zhangye, Jingyuan and other places. The Lanzhou Taiping Drum is cylindrical, with a height of 70 to 75 cm, a diameter of 45 to 50 cm, and a weight of 19 to 22 kg. It is covered with cowhide on both sides and painted with patterns such as two dragons playing with pearls. The drum belt is long and can be carried on the shoulder for easy beating, and the drum can be thrown in any direction. The Lanzhou Taiping Drum Dance is a group dance with various performance forms such as "welcoming guests in a sedan chair", "children of the Yellow River", and "ring competition". The drum team has 24 to 48 people, and as many as 108 people. The drummers beat the gongs to accompany the team leader's command, and the formation keeps changing. Sometimes it is "two armies against each other", "golden dragons mating", "double breakout", and sometimes it is "wheel spinning battle", "jumping fight", "squatting fight", "turning over fight", "shore fight", and so on. After being arranged, processed and improved by several generations of folk artists and artists, the Lanzhou Taiping Drum has gradually formed three basic playing methods: "low drum", "middle drum" and "high drum". On this basis, the drama frame skills and martial arts techniques are incorporated to strengthen the rhythm changes. The single Taiping drum rhythm has derived different playing methods of light, heavy, slow and fast, and the formation changes are also smoother. The arrangement of new techniques of drums, gongs and cymbals makes the Lanzhou Taiping Drum more musical, artistic, dance-like and personalized, and has a reasonable development on the basis of inheritance. The excavation and protection of Gansu Lanzhou Taiping Drum is not only of positive significance to the inheritance and enrichment of Chinese drum culture, but also can promote the academic research of ancient Chinese dance and music. Since the 21st century, the survival of Lanzhou Taiping Drum has faced an unprecedented crisis, the number of participants has decreased significantly, and there are not as many young rural "good families" as before. Measures need to be taken to strengthen the excavation, protection, arrangement and improvement of Lanzhou Taiping Drum.