Gourd Sheng Dance of the Lahu People in Lancang

Yunnan
🎧  Listen to Introduction

Hulusheng dance is a representative dance of the Lahu people. It is mainly spread in Lahu villages such as Mangnuo Township, Mengmeng Town, Dawen Township, Mengku Town in Shuangjiang Lahu, Wa, Bulang and Dai Autonomous County of Lincang City and Lahu settlements such as Muga Township in Lancang Lahu Autonomous County of Simao City. It is a folk dance accompanied by playing Hulusheng. The "Yunnan General Records" of the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty states: "When the Lahu people gather, relatives invite them to drink and play the sheng for fun." The second volume of the Daoguang "Weiyuan Hall Records" states that "Lahu men and women gather together, join hands in a circle, play the sheng and dance." There are two forms of Lahu Hulusheng dance: one is the ritual procedure standardization during ethnic festivals, requiring all routines to be danced according to regulations, which is mainly held in families during the "Shenlin" and "Kuota" (Spring Festival) on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month every year. It starts with "starting song" and starts from the evening of the second day of the first lunar month. It continues for days according to the twelve zodiac signs and ends with "Dalu song". Another type is the Hulusheng dance performed at weddings, funerals, and entertainment. It does not follow traditional rituals and is more casual. All Lahu villages perform Hulusheng dance. During the Spring Festival, the whole village or several villages perform Hulusheng dance together. There may be hundreds of teams singing and dancing together. The scene is very spectacular. During the Spring Festival, the dance can last for half a month. The Hulusheng dance of the Lahu people in Lancang County is called "Jake" in the Lahu language. There are nearly 100 sets of dance movements, and 98 sets have been collected and sorted. It can be divided into: first, sacrificial ritual dance, with a total of 10 sets of movements, among which the opening dance "Gaji" and the ending dance "Gajigen" basically stomp their feet with each step, imitating the worship of the creator god "Esha" and the posture of worshiping "Buddha Pa" with each step; second, production labor dance, with a total of 35 sets of movements, which basically imitate the movements of labor, from selecting land, sharpening knives, smacking the land, digging grass, burning weeds, plowing, scattering millet to threshing millet, carrying millet, etc., reflecting the agricultural production process of the Lahu ancestors who used slash-and-burn farming, and the movements are relatively simple; third, dance reflecting life, with a total of 13 sets of movements; fourth, dance simulating animal living habits, with a total of 20 sets; fifth, emotional dance, with a total of 20 sets, mainly showing the carnival after harvest and hunting or expressing the joy in the heart. Except for the beginning and the end, this type of dance movements are infinitely varied and can be improvised. In addition, there are some dances that express sacrificial rituals. The gourd sheng dance has now become a national celebration dance and one of the three major performing folk dances for the Lahu people to entertain themselves. The gourd sheng dance in Lancang County has a unique style, a certain degree of artistry and appreciation. It has won the second prize in the National Minority Art Festival organized by the Ministry of Culture and the State Ethnic Affairs Commission. It has participated in various performances in and outside the province many times and has become a fitness dance for the local people of all ethnic groups to entertain themselves and the main content of folk dance courses in primary and secondary schools. The gourd sheng dance of the Lahu people in Shuangjiang County is also called "da ge", which retains more traditional and simple artistic styles in form. Generally, men blow the gourd sheng in a counterclockwise circle while blowing and dancing, and women dance in a circle with men. There is no limit to the number of men, women, young and old, and the number of people is not limited, up to hundreds of people. The dance is led by the leader "getou", who improvises the routines. There are 72 sets of "da ge" routines, which are divided into six categories: agricultural production labor, daily life, entertainment, birds and beasts, human relations, and non-agricultural production labor. The dancers' upper and lower limbs are well coordinated, and they have more lower limb movements. The main movements are stomping, kicking, stepping, turning, jumping, squatting and turning. Sometimes elegant, sometimes passionate, with unique style, simple dance posture, humorous and witty, and full of life. The main "dagao" songs include "Three-legged Song", "Frog Song", "Jingji Wagging Tail Song", "Dalu Song", etc., which are rich in content and interesting. "Dagao" is mostly accompanied by Hulusheng, sometimes supplemented by Xiao, Niutuiqin and Xiaosanxian. The music rhythm is mostly two-quarter beats, with simple melody and short phrases. The 72 routines of "dagao" are relatively complicated, and only a few people can perform them completely. The "dagao" of the Lahu people is mainly passed down by word of mouth and teaching by example, and the "song head" and backbone personnel are all taught by teachers. There is no special and fixed Hulusheng dance performance team in the Lahu villages in Shuangjiang County, but each village can form a group of 50-100 literary and artistic backbones. The Lahu ethnic group's "Da Ge" has a broad mass base and is deeply loved by the local people. It is widely spread and can be performed at any time except during festivals and weddings. It has now spread to all counties (districts) in Lincang City and surrounding cities and counties, becoming a unique cultural phenomenon in the local area. The Hulusheng dance has a certain degree of artistry and appreciation, and has participated in art performances held by the province and the city many times.

Intangible culture related to the heritage

China tourist attractions related to the heritage