Legend of Guan Gong in Dangyang

Hubei
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Dangyang is the place where Guan Gong was buried. Yuquan Mountain is the place where Guan Gong first appeared. Yuquan Mountain has the earliest Guan Temple in the country, "Xianlie Temple". In the west of Dangyang City, there is the Chinese Guanling, one of the three major Guan shrines in the country. Because of the special fate with Guan Gong, the worship of Guan Gong by the people of Dangyang has been flourishing for thousands of years. Legend has it that after his death, Guan Gong first appeared on the top of Yuquan Mountain, shouting "Give me back my head". He met Monk Pujing and converted to Buddhism. Later, he used his divine power to help Zhi build Yuquan Temple. Therefore, he was called the Galan God and the Protector of the Country Mingwang by Buddhism. There is a Galan Hall in Yuquan Temple, which enshrines the statue of Guan Gong and enjoys incense for many years. Guan Gong is worshipped as the "Three Realms Demon Subduing Emperor" by Taoism. Many temples in Dangyang have statues of Guan Gong. He is the folk guardian god and god of wealth. In the old days, most families had shrines, and most families had a tablet for Guan Gong. Rich and powerful families even paid a lot of money to bring back wooden statues of Guan Gong or paper paintings of Guan Gong from other places. Most of them were paintings of Guan Gong reining in his horse and looking at Jingzhou. Poor families could not afford to buy Guan Gong statues, so they wrote "Guan Yunchang's tablet" on red paper and posted it in the hall to keep the family peaceful. Nowadays, urban merchants still have the custom of worshipping Guan Gong. Some shops, restaurants, and hotels with exquisite decorations still worship Guan Gong as the god of wealth and the god of protection. The shrines use photoelectric technology and incense and candles are always lit. In the early years of the Republic of China, there were still several small Guan temples in Dangyang. Guanling was called "Daguan Temple", and there were worship activities in the temple all year round. Starting from New Year's Eve, the first day of the New Year and the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, local people would go to Guan Temple to pay homage. Worshippers went to Guan Temple to set off firecrackers, burn yellow paper, burn incense and offer sacrifices. Some also offered lamp oil, usually two kilograms of sesame oil. When ordinary people have a disease or disaster in their family, or when their relatives are away or when they have important things to do at home, they have to go to the Guan Temple to burn incense and make a wish. Those who have made a wish have to go to the temple to fulfill their wish. Those who fulfill their wish bow their heads and some start to kowtow before entering the gate. The Dangyang Guan family is the surviving family of Guan Gong when he was guarding Jingzhou. It has been 64 generations. The eldest son of the Guan family was a doctor of the Hanlin Academy in the Qing Dynasty. From generation to generation, they have to participate in the major worship ceremonies hosted by the government every year. The descendants of the Guan family have been worshipping their ancestors until now. During the New Year, from New Year's Eve to the third day of the first lunar month, they go to Guan Gong's tomb to burn incense once in the morning and evening. They also go to burn incense once at midnight on the second day of the first lunar month. On the fifteenth day of the first lunar month and the fifteenth day of the seventh lunar month, they go to Guan Gong's tomb to light lanterns and send them light. Every Qingming Festival, they go to the tomb to insert green. It is said that June 23 is Guan Gong's birthday, and the temple also burns incense and offers sacrifices to celebrate Guan Gong's birthday. Guanling Temple is an important place for worshipping Guan Gong. During the Republic of China, two large temple fairs were held here every year to worship Guan Gong. One is the "Single Sword Meeting" on May 13th. It is said that this day is the day when Guan Gong went to the meeting alone; the other is the Zhongyuan Festival temple fair. Incense burners, various folk artists, and small vendors gathered, and it was very lively. Government and social celebrities must attend the worship ceremony. The ceremony is hosted by four gentry, one reads the sacrificial text, one is the master of ceremonies, and the two are responsible for announcing the titles of the worshippers. The county magistrate (prefect, county magistrate), social celebrities, and representatives of the eldest branch of the Guan family came to burn incense and bow in front of the Guan Gong statue. After the sacrificial text is read, firecrackers must be set off. After the ceremony, the monks in the temple will chant for a day. During the Zhongyuan Festival, the temple will worship Guan Gong for half a month, the incense will not be extinguished, and the monks will chant for half a month. After the founding of New China, with the continuous improvement of people's scientific and cultural level, the activities of worshipping Guan Gong in Guanling Temple have gradually become scarce. But Guan's family still has to go to the temple to worship during festivals, and the ceremony has gradually been simplified. In recent years, there have been frequent pilgrimages from Hong Kong, Taiwan and overseas Chinese to Guanling. The Guanling Cultural Relics Management Department has organized a worship ceremony for them, and the government's cultural department has also held a cultural tourism festival here, with the ceremony of worshipping Guan Gong as one of the contents of the cultural festival. Ordinary tourists also kowtow in front of the Guan Gong statue and make wishes, expressing the modern people's desire for peace and tranquility, and they kowtow all the way to Guan Gong's tomb.

Intangible culture related to the heritage

China tourist attractions related to the heritage