Hainan's ritual music for fasting and offering originated from ancient folk witchcraft. "Book of History B Yi Xun" said: "Dare to dance in the palace and sing in the room, which is called witch style at that time." Kong Shu said: "Witches use singing and dancing to serve gods. All witches are good at singing and dancing to please ghosts and gods." Therefore, there were moon dance scenes in folk sacrificial witch rituals, where witches "raised drumsticks and beat drums" and "played Yu Hao". Since Kou Qian, a Taoist priest in the Northern Wei Dynasty, changed the direct recitation of Taoist fasting and offering activities to music recitation, fasting and offering rituals have become a unique artistic activity in religious activities. 1 The music recitation of incantations gave birth to fasting and offering ritual music, which is an indispensable and organic part of fasting and offering rituals. There are fasting and offering ritual music when there are fasting and offering activities. Hainan fasting and offering ritual music was introduced to Hainan in the early Song Dynasty with immigrants from the Jiangnan area. It flourished and took deep root with folk fasting and sacrificial activities. It was very popular in the Ming Dynasty and is a kind of folk music that is very popular and influential in Hainan Province. The "Hainan Island Chronicle" published in the 37th year of the Republic of China stated: "Taoism is quite popular on this island. Most temples belong to it. There are 300,000 Taoists on the island." At that time, the population of Hainan Island was only 2.17 million, and Taoists accounted for 14%, which shows the great influence of Taoism on Hainan Island. In 2008, Hainan fasting and offering ritual music was selected into the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage protection list in my country. According to historical records, the Taoism in Hainan belongs to Zhengyi Dao, also known as Huoju Dao. Although Zhengyi Dao served in the palace, they still returned home to live. The Taoists who were ordained as U usually worked on the farm. When there were fasting and offering activities, they would set up altars for folk sacrifices. The integration of primitive religion and Buddhism and Taoism has formed Hainan's unique fasting and offering rituals. The music of fasting and offering rituals has been transformed and shaped along with the content, purpose and procedures of fasting and offering. The fasting and offering activities on Hainan Island are the inheritance and derivation of the fasting and offering rituals of the Tianshi Dao of Taoism in the Central Plains. After being introduced to Hainan, they were combined with the local primitive religious activities, absorbed the evolution of dialect, slang and folk song tunes, and integrated with Buddhist music to form a unique religious art. In Taoist temples, Taoists wear Taoist robes with gold and silver threads, hold various magic tools, chant ancient tunes, and dance in the altar. This is the fasting and offering ritual of Taoism, commonly known as "Daochang", which is called "teaching according to the ritual", and is also what people often call a ritual. "Fasting" means that before offering sacrifices, one must bathe and change clothes, not eat meat or drink, and not sleep in the house, to show the solemnity of the sacrificer. Taoism absorbs this ritual. At the beginning of praying for the dead, people eat vegetarian food to purify their hearts and bathe to cleanse their bodies, which is called "cultivating fasting". Its purpose was initially to "accumulate virtue and resolve sins", then to "harmonize with the gods and prolong life", and later to "cultivate the Tao", which is the highest realm of fasting. Therefore, Taoism attaches great importance to fasting and has formulated a complete set of fasting methods, which is to fast and worship Taoism. The original meaning of "jiao" is sacrifice, which is an ancient ritual. Taoism inherited and developed the sacrificial aspect of Jiao, using this method to communicate with the gods. Jiao has "jiao method", which refers to the procedures, etiquette and other rules of fasting and Jiao rituals. There are many names for Jiao. Generally speaking, there will be corresponding names for Jiao when people have needs, such as Jiulong Jiao for rain, Luotian Dajiao, etc. Fasting method and Jiao method were originally different, but later they merged with each other. After the Sui and Tang Dynasties, "fasting and Jiao" were collectively called, which has been passed down to this day and has become a synonym for Taoist rituals. "Fasting and Jiao rituals" refer to the laws and regulations based on Jiao prayer activities. These commonly practiced rituals are all fasting and Jiao rituals. Hainan immigrants have many origins and cultural levels, and the different beliefs and cultural concepts of the original ethnic minorities make the music of the ritual of fasting and offering different from the ritual music of the Tianshi Dao in the Central Plains. Its characteristics are: high pitch and wide range. The chanting of scriptures and mantras is carried out simultaneously with music and percussion. Among them, the chanting of scriptures and mantras has Mandarin, Cantonese, Hainanese and various language systems. The different long and short sentences and pronunciations of 1 result in many empty sounds and long dragging of the accompaniment of the sutra rhymes. Fasting and offering, also known as beating, commonly known as doing a Taoist temple, repenting or performing rituals, is a religious etiquette. The music of fasting and offering rituals is divided into "fasting" and "offering" in terms of content. "Fast" refers to the fast for the dead (or white fasting), which originally means solemn and clean. "Offering" is commonly known as Qingzhai, which originally means that monks and Taoists set up altars to pray to gods. It means the ritual of bathing and changing clothes before the ancients' sacrifice and not eating meat. Baizhai music is also called the dead fast, which belongs to the "ghost affairs" ritual, for the salvation of the dead. Generally, a ceremony is held at the deceased's home during the various periods of the deceased's death, i.e. the day of sealing the coffin, the fifth day, the hundredth day, the first year (commonly known as Xiaoxiang), and the third year (commonly known as Daxiang). Buddhism and Taoism are integrated, and the Buddhist cycle of life and death is used to comfort the dead soul and appease relatives. The Baizhai held on an auspicious day is commonly known as "Jiamenzhai". It recommends and explains, uses Confucianism to guide, and persuades people to be kind to others. Wish people happiness, longevity and health, and use the idea of immortals to arm people's spiritual world. It is presided over by Taoist priests. Baizhai is a fusion of Buddhism and Taoism, with Taoist rituals as the main form, and Buddhist signatures and spells cast on the same altar. Generally, there are rituals such as playing Qingci, Tai Chi sacrifice, releasing sky lanterns, transcending, passing the pass, and summoning souls. The whole process is accompanied by fasting music, and Taoist priests and Taoist priests perform Nuo dances. There are more than 100 sets of music in Youzhai, such as "Mourning the Dead", "Sacrificing", "Confession", "Soul Summoning", "Western Meeting", "Offering Fragrant Grain", and "Youguanfa". Baizhai music is mostly low, slow, and sad music, including mourning, complaining and crying tunes (except for the tunes borrowed from Qiong Opera). Qingzhai is also called Gongzhai, which is an auspicious ritual. The rituals are all carried out according to Taoist rituals, and Buddhism does not intervene. The ritual texts are all Taoist scriptures. Qingzhai is a "Dajiao" ritual. Qingzhai is held inside and outside the temple to worship gods to ward off disasters and pray for blessings. There are many folk temples in Hainan, including Erfubo Temple, Lady Xian Temple, Su Gong (Su Dongpo) Temple, Qiu Gong (Qiu Jun) Temple, Hai Gong (Hai Rui) Temple, etc., which worship the sages and loyal martyrs. There are Guanyin Temple, Zhenwu Temple, Dragon King Temple, City God Temple of Buddhism and Taoism, Dragon King Temple, Lei Gong Temple, Mountain God Temple, etc. There are primitive religions such as Dragon King Temple, Lei Gong Temple, Mountain God Temple, etc. Gongzhai sacrifices have agreed dates, commonly known as "Gongqi" and "Poqi". Sometimes, major religious activities also choose auspicious days for sacrifices and recommendations. The sacrifice is presided over by Taoist priests. Generally, there are ceremonies such as fasting, welcoming gods, opening the eyes, issuing music, playing Qingxuan Ci, and bidding farewell to gods. Qingzhai music is played throughout the whole process, and Taoist priests perform Nuo dances. Qingzhai music includes more than 30 sets of music, such as "Peaceful Court", "Welcoming the Emperor", "Proof Court", "Purging the Altar", "Blessing Court", "Qi Lu Court", "Tian Xiang Court", "Qingxuan Court", "Opening the Eyes", and "Chao Zou", each of which consists of ten pieces of music. Qingzhai music is mainly light, high-pitched, and melodious music, and often contains festive and blessing modes. Qingzhai is a sacrifice to historical figures (such as General Fubo, Lady Xian, Su Dongpo, etc.) and legendary patron saints (such as Tianfei Niangniang, Guanyin, Zhenwu, Dragon King, etc.). Hainan Zhaijiao ritual music is closely related to the social life of local civilians, and occupies an important position in people's social beliefs. It is a kind of folk music with a wide range of popularity and far-reaching influence in Hainan. (No pictures yet, welcome to provide.) (No pictures yet, welcome to provide.)