The folk art form of flower drum has been recorded in the Song Dynasty. It became more and more popular in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and spread all over the country. The popular one in Shandong is called "Shandong Flower Drum", also known as "Flower Drum Dingxiang", "Flower Drum Tune", "Daihuagu", "Flower Drum Yangko", etc. During its spread, the flower drum was combined with folk songs and tunes from all over the country, and developed into many emerging local operas, which had an influence that cannot be ignored. Shandong Flower Drum is divided into three routes: South, North and East. The "South Route" dominated by "Danhuagu" is popular in the vast areas of central and southwestern Shandong, and has developed into "Liangjiaxian" and "Sipingdiao" in Heze and Jining. Two operas that are deeply loved by the masses. The "North Route" is popular in Liaocheng, Dezhou, and Huimin. There are "Liaocheng Flower Drum", "Chiping Flower Drum", and "Liulin Flower Drum" mainly based on singing and dancing. The flower drum in Linyi and Yucheng has developed into a local small drama "Yi Gou Gou". "Donglu" refers to the "gong and drum chongzi" popular in Tengxian, Zouxian and Yicheng, which formed the "Lahunqiang" (i.e. Liuqin Opera) in the local area. When it was spread to Zibo, Weifang and Jiaodong, it was called "elbow drum", and gradually developed into "Wuyin Opera", "Liuqiang" and "Maoqiang" and other operas, and also had a significant impact on Donglu drum music. The most distinctive feature of flower drum singing is the duet. The male role (commonly known as the drum rack) carries a flower drum, wears casual clothes, dances with drumsticks in both hands, beats the drum and sings, and makes jokes. The female role (male costume, commonly known as the dance pole) has a bun, ancient costume powder face, a special embroidered ball on the head, two ribbons hanging in front of the chest, a long braid hanging behind the head, wears a colorful shirt and skirt, holds a folding fan (or Luopa), supports the male role's shoulder, sings and dances, and the songs are mostly love stories. Later, the number of people increased, and it developed into a costumed performance with different roles, and percussion instruments such as large and small gongs, cymbals, and bangzi were added. The performance scene was said to be "fast seven and slow eight, six people catching things blindly." Although it is still a street stall and sitting on benches, it has begun to transition to the form of opera. Influential artists have changed their careers to form opera troupes, while folk artists who specialize in singing flower drums are becoming increasingly scarce. At present, it is rarely seen in rural markets and temple fairs. Information source: Shandong Provincial Information Network (No pictures yet, welcome to provide.) Information source: Shandong Provincial Information Network (No pictures yet, welcome to provide.)