Chang'an Daoqing is a Taoist drama performed by Taoists in the ancient Chang'an area based on Taoist stories. It is also called "Labo Opera" because it is performed through singing lyrics, chanting scriptures, and expounding the emotions and principles of Taoism. In 1960, after the provincial new drama performance, it was named Chang'an Daoqing. During the Qianlong and Jiaqing periods of the Qing Dynasty, the singing of Daoqing was very prosperous. In addition to "singing on the mountain" and "singing around the table", there were also shadow puppetry and "square stepping mat" makeup performances. According to Zhao Guangqing (1892-1977), a Daoqing artist from Xiwan, Lintong, his teacher Wang Zhinian (1876-1944) was a Daoqing family from Xinzhu Town. Wang's grandfather served as the head of the local Daoqing Association during the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty. He was proficient in playing all kinds of instruments. When singing, he used timbre changes to bring the Eight Immortals in "The Eight Immortals' Birthday" to life. From then until the founding of New China, famous Daoqing artists in Xi'an included Baimichong, Lai Shikui, Du Yanxin, Fang Zhen, Rongrong Laowang, Wang Pengfei, Zhu Liu, Mao Wanlu, Mao Wanshou, Chen Maoxiang, Liu Shenghao, Xu Chengli, Hao Hongzhang, Qiang Chuntang, Zhang Qingqin, Chen Zhili, Li Zongzheng, Li Yuaner, Li Shizhong, Wei Genlu, etc. Their footprints were all over Guanzhong and southern Shaanxi. In the 1950s, the Chang'an Troupe successively staged "Huaiyin Mediator", "Sicha's Book", "Eight Immortals' Birthday", "Gemenxian" and other plays to celebrate the 10th anniversary of the National Day. Among them, the script of "Gemenxian" was published and distributed by the former Chang'an Bookstore and Shaanxi People's Publishing House. In 1960, the large-scale Daoqing drama "Wall Horse" adapted by Ding Jie and Lu Kai participated in the Shaanxi Province New Drama Performance. In the early days of reform and opening up, the Chang'an Daoqing drama "Filial Son's Injustice" and "Yuanyang Pu" and the modern drama "Jiang Jie" were transplanted and choreographed. In the autumn of 2008, the large-scale modern drama "Xiangyun Valley" participated in the Fifth Shaanxi Art Festival and won many awards. At present, Weijialing Daoqing Society at the foot of Taixing Mountain in the northern foot of Zhongnan Mountain is the only original living body in Chang'an District that can form a group to "sing" Chang'an Daoqing. The society currently has 9 members, the oldest is 73 years old and the youngest is 56 years old. Among them, there are 2 main flute players, 3 banhu and erhu players, and 1 player each for fishing drum, simple board, three-color board, and bell. In addition to the flute player, all of them are also singers of various professions. At present, they can sing more than 20 pieces of music such as Yuhua Xiandao, mythological stories, historical themes, and folk stories. The society also preserves more than 40 handwritten copies of the music. Several members can also sing some "Ci Pai" that have the same name as the southern and northern tunes or have a certain blood relationship with the folk songs of Ming and Qing Dynasties. Weijialing Village is located at the entrance of Chepaoyu at the northern foot of Qinling Mountains. There are Taoist temple sites in Dayu, Kuyu, Baolongyu, Ziwuyu and other places in the east and west. According to legend, Han Xiang (one of the legendary "Eight Immortals") in the late Tang Dynasty left traces of practicing Taoism in this area. Dayukou, Wuxingmiao, Longqu Village, Gaoshanmiao Village, Hulupo, Xinguanzi, Chepaoyu adjacent to Weijialing, as well as Linjiazhai, Niuxinyu, Shangwu Village across the Kuyu River, and Caocun and Ziwukou along the west of the mountain, have all had classes and societies singing Taoist songs. Before the founding of New China, every time there was a Taoist temple on the mountain, each class, society, or a dozen people, dressed neatly, led the singing all the way up the mountain. Afterwards, they sat in class and sang all night until they were satisfied. This has become one of the indispensable folk activities for the masses in the local area. The 9 professional artists of Weijialing Taoist Song Society can "sit in class" and sing more than 20 pieces of music. There are artists who sing Daoqing in the nearby Chepaoyu, Dayu, Kuyu, Gaoshanmiao and several villages on the other side of Kuyu River. Because their repertoires are similar to those of Weijialing Daoqing Society and their singing styles are similar, they have all been invited to join the society's singing activities. According to the different structures of the lyrics, Chang'an Daoqing is divided into two categories: "Zhengzha" and "Luanzha". "Zhengzha" plays, such as "Yao Visits the Sage", have lyrics with long and short sentence structures. One piece is divided into three sections, and the last sentence of each section is "Mayun" (i.e., helping to sing). The first two rhymes must use the flat tone characters, and the last rhyme must use the flat tone characters. Artists call it "three rhymes in one combination". According to the needs of the plot, continue to fill in the lyrics and sing according to this rhythm to complete the entire repertoire. "Luanza" plays, such as "Gemenxian", have lyrics that are mostly composed of two sentences, one in the upper and one in the lower, of seven-character sentences and their variations (six-, eight-, nine-character sentences, etc.). The upper sentence ends with a flat tone, and the lower sentence ends with a flat tone. The singing voice is based on the local dialect of Xi'an in the Guanzhong language family. The leading instrument is the qudi (called meidi by artists), supplemented by string instruments such as banhu and erhu. The most distinctive percussion instruments are the fishing drum, which is praised by artists as "standing tall and upright", and the simple board, which "subdues dragons and subdues tigers". They also use the sentence from the Book of Songs to describe its playing method: "If you hit it upward, the kite will fly to the sky; if you flip it downward, the fish will jump into the abyss; if you pull the wave, your hands will tremble loudly", and add bangzi and pengzhong to beat the rhythm. The performance form is "sitting and singing". The main characteristics of Chang'an Daoqing are: first, the music structure is mainly based on "banqiangti", and the comprehensive system of "lianquti" is also used; second, the percussion instruments such as Yugu, Jianban and Sancaiban are unique in form, function and playing method; third, the transition of singing style naturally absorbs and uses the folk songs of Ming and Qing Dynasties or the "Ci Pai" with the same name as the southern and northern songs, showing its inclusiveness; fourth, "Mayun" is also called "Labo", which is used to set off the atmosphere, render the environment, portray characters, promote the development of the plot, and create climax, which is a relatively important means of expression for this type of song. Chang'an Daoqing carries the evolution information of folk music, opera art, folk customs, religious culture and other disciplines. It preserves relatively rich and detailed historical materials and has certain artistic and scientific research value. Daoqing was created as early as the Tang Dynasty. The poem "Huashan Woman" by Tang Dynasty writer Han Yu describes the wonderful singing of "preaching" the Daoist sentiments and principles on the streets of Chang'an during the mid-Tang Dynasty, allowing people today to find clues to the formation of Daoqing's "voice" and "sitting singing" form. Poems such as "making friends with Daoists, and following it every day" left by Taoists such as Lu Chunyang and Zhongli Quan are enough to illustrate the grand occasion of preaching Daoqing inside and outside the capital at that time. According to historical records, the percussion instruments of Daoqing, Yugu and Jianban, appeared in the Northern Song Dynasty, and then Sancaiban appeared. In the late 18th century, after the rise of "Huabu", the Daoqing voice that flowed into the folk formed a board cavity, and then interspersed with its "Ci Pai", enriched the expressiveness and expanded the range of singing themes. Some villages and villages such as Weijialing along the northern foot of Zhongnan Mountain have passed on the lingering charm of this ancient art form to this day. The Xiangzi opera with the song "When you mention Xiangzi, you will feel a pot of soup", and the Yuhua Xiandao opera such as "Eight Immortals Celebrating Birthday" have been sung for a long time along with the evolution of Taoist culture. A group of folk life story plays such as "Guo Da Lao Ban Xiao", "Xiu Zhen An", "Widow Inspecting the Field" and "Ge Men Xian" produced in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China reflect the expansion of the social function of Taoist songs. In May 2009, it was selected into the second batch of intangible cultural heritage list of Xi'an City, and in June of the same year, it was selected into the second batch of intangible cultural heritage list of Shaanxi Province. (No pictures yet, welcome to provide.) (No pictures yet, welcome to provide.)