Yanchuan Daoqing
As a branch of the Daoqing of northern Shaanxi, Yanchuan Daoqing is a rising star and a kind of folk art that is very popular among the masses. Daoqing was originally a Taoist music, a form of music that serves Taoism. Yanchuan people have harmoniously combined Daoqing with folk songs and folk dances of northern Shaanxi, creating a new form of folk art with a strong flavor of rap and showing a distinct color of folk art. Simple and rough opera, Yangko costumes for social fire, rough Yangko dance, and authentic dialects constitute the unique performance form of Daoqing opera. A large number of Daoqing dramas are circulated among the people of Yanchuan, such as "Walking in Nanyang", "The Rebellious Son", "Three Turns Back", "The Peony Pavilion", "Li Si Takes His Wife", "Ten Thousand Sutras", "Li Da Opens a Shop", "Wall Records", "Zhang Liang Sells Cloth", "The Transformation of the Second-Rate Son", "Xiangzi Becomes a Monk", etc. Among them, "Ten Thousand Sutras" and "Li Da Opens a Shop" are the most popular and have become representative works of traditional Daoqing. There are two types of Yanchuan Daoqing opera: one is the Yangko dance, which is performed in the village and the guests eat and stay at their own homes; even if they perform in other villages, the other party only provides food and lodging, which is an exchange performance. The other is the performance of the meeting, in which the performers add atmosphere to the temple and receive a certain amount of remuneration. The main characteristics of Yanchuan Daoqing are: first, it was developed on the basis of folk rap and folk songs, and has a strong rap color and folk song flavor. Second, unlike other operas, its artistic form and expression methods are flexible and arbitrary. Third, there are many empty words and filler words in the singing, and there are even many colloquialisms, such as "Ah Hu Hai", "Ya Ya Hai", "Ai Hai Ya", "That's it", "Liao De", "Just", "Liao", etc. A complete Daoqing song consists of five parts: the opening board, the opening remarks, the introduction, the main text, and the ending. The accompaniment is mostly four-tone (four-stringed fiddle), the pipe (mostly made of reed pipes), and the three-stringed string, and general instruments can also be used. When singing, the beat is mastered by the knocking clapper, and the percussion instruments such as the fishing drum and "Jia Jiao" are used as the background music. The accompaniment is the main melody accompaniment, without harmony and musical pattern accompaniment. The accompaniment instruments are divided into civil and military scenes. The civil scene instruments mainly include the small three-stringed instrument, the four-tone instrument, and the pipe. Together, they constitute the three major instruments of Yanchuan Daoqing Opera and are the main supporting instruments. Other instruments include erhu, flute, banhu, etc. The civil scene band is generally composed of seven people and seven instruments, including two small three-stringed instruments, a four-stringed instrument, a pipe, an erhu, a banhu, and a flute. The instruments in the martial scene mainly include bangu, yazi, bangzi, shuishui, hand gong, jade drum, hook gong, etc. The singing style of Yanchuan Daoqing is diverse in form and rich in expression. It can be divided into two categories: old tune and new tune. The old tune is also called "Xiliang tune". It has a wide range of sounds, high-pitched, passionate, deep and thick emotions. It is the oldest singing style in northern Shaanxi Daoqing. At first, the old tune was good at expressing sadness, desolation, pain, and longing. Later, due to the needs of the plot development, some light, bright, joyful, and jubilant singing styles appeared. It can be roughly divided into more than ten types, such as "Pingdiao", "Shizidiao", "Zhizhimei", "Shuahaierdiao", "Liangqu", "Mengban", "Tearban", "Gunbai", "Plum Blossom Tune", and "Taipingdiao". The new tune is the need of the development of the times. It enriches the singing of Daoqing, improves the performance quality and dramatic effect, and has more than ten singing methods, forming a system of its own. Dongludiao mainly includes Shizidiao, Daqiban and other singing styles, which are divided into fast and slow styles. The lyrics are seven-character sentences in two sentences, which are narrative and lyrical. In addition to singing ten-character sentences, Shizidiao also sings seven-character sentences. The melody is more lively than the old tune, and the narrative has a lyrical side. Daqiban is an extension of "Donglu Tune". The format of the lyrics is the same as Donglu Tune, except that the first sentence and the first tune are added with empty words to form a dragging tune, which makes the tune lively, jumping, powerful and lively, and belongs to the lyrical tune. The new and old tunes have their own characteristics. Their main melody is basically the same, but the difference is the position of the main tone, the prelude and interlude, and the singing speed. In the performance of traditional Taoist opera, the new and old tunes are rarely used in the same play. The words and sentences of the new tune are mostly seven-character sentences and ten-character sentences in the upper and lower sentences, or seven-character sentences in the four-sentence structure. Yanchuan Taoist opera has been continuously developing in inheritance and innovation, and a number of Taoist operas with the flavor of the times have been created. In 2008, the newly compiled Taoist opera "Inviting the God of Wealth", the Taoist joint singing "The People Have Fun and Shouting Taoist Opera" and "Viewing the Garden" were performed many times in cities and counties, and received good responses. In September 2009, after repeated creation, revision, discussion and rehearsal, the large-scale modern drama "Red Dates in September" with strong local characteristics of northern Shaanxi Daoqing was successfully performed. It was performed 26 times in provinces, cities and counties, with an audience of 16,000 people. "Xu County Magistrate Goes to the Countryside", written by Mi Cheng and composed by Dang Yinzhi, won the first prize of the second small drama performance in Yan'an City; "In Front of the Widow's Door", written by Mi Cheng and composed by Li Xingchi, won the first prize of the first elderly performance in Yan'an City. It is now performed by many troupes and has been performed for a long time. The emergence of these dramas has established the status of Yanchuan Daoqing in northern Shaanxi Daoqing. In order to promote Yanchuan Daoqing, six consecutive "Daoqing Singing Red Yanchuan City Mass Singing Week Activities" have been held. (No pictures yet, welcome to provide.) (No pictures yet, welcome to provide.)