Fire Lion

Shaanxi
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Lion dance, a folk performance form, is popular in Shandong and all over the country. It is very common and popular among the masses. Lion dance is a symbol of auspiciousness, which can express people's good wishes and happiness, and implies the hope of eliminating harm and disasters. Therefore, it has a long history, and the fire lion is one of its forms. The "fire lion" is named because the lion's hair is made of burning fire wicks, and sparks run all over the body during the performance. It is popular in Shen County and is the only performance program that has been preserved relatively intact. According to the old artist Xu Hanbin, the fire lion in East Street, Shen County was learned from Jutun Village, Shibalipu Township. From the first generation of old artist Kang Wanlu to the last generation of Ren Zonglu in 1965, it has been passed down for 5 generations. Later, it was passed to Wenzhuang Village. So far, only the fire lion in Wenzhuang has been performed repeatedly. The fire lion is performed only on the night of the second day of the second lunar month (the day of the dragon raising its head) when farmers offer sacrifices to spring and pray for rain. It was the darkest time of the month, and the fire lion was performed at night. The fire lion made of lines of fire suddenly jumped out, and thousands of sparks flickered, which was a spectacle. Due to the restriction of props, the performance time of the fire lion was very short, usually only about 10 minutes, so there was a folk saying "The second day of the second month, the grandmother will leave soon, and the fire lions on East Street will not last long." The fire lion has a peculiar shape, and the lion hair of each lion is made up of 3,600 fire twists. During the performance, the fire twists were lit, and the audience only saw the majestic and tall lion image outlined by tiny sparks, but could not see the lion dancer. When the fire lion chased and jumped, it was full of starlight, and sparks kept falling. When it shook its shoulders and shook its hair, sparks flew all over its body. With the wind blowing, it produced an artistic effect of flickering and sparks flickering. The whole performance was performed with the sound of gongs and drums, sparks flying and smoke filling the air. Under the teasing of the fireball, the fire lion sometimes jumped into the air, sometimes chased and played, and sometimes fought for the ball, showing the life habits of the lion vividly. The key to the artistic effect of the fire lion lies in the props. In the past, in order to keep it secret, all the props were burned after the performance every year and remade the next year. When the lion dancers were dressed, no outsiders were allowed to see it, let alone spread it. It is said that the fire lion in Wenzhuang Village was secretly learned by the nephew who climbed onto the roof of his uncle's house. This time, with the care of leaders at all levels and the cooperation of old artists, this art treasure was collected and sorted out. The production of the fire lion is divided into three parts: head, body and tail. The lion head is made of bamboo pieces, thin iron wire and thin hemp rope, and then holes are drilled in the bamboo pieces to insert fire twists. The mouth, tongue, ears, nose, eyes, eyebrows, etc. are also made of bamboo pieces, iron wire and fire twists. The lion body is divided into three parts. Forelimbs, its upper limbs are human arms, connected by 6 wooden boards to wrap the outside, and the lower limbs are wooden crutches held by people, with fire twists on the crutches. The hind limbs, the upper and lower limbs are each wrapped with 6 wooden boards, with evenly distributed small holes, and decorated with fire twists, which become the lion's outer coat. The lion's tail is a jujube branch decorated with fire twists. Connecting the head and tail is a 1-meter-long willow stick on the spine. The fire twist is made of "thin fire paper" wrapped with "hairy paper" in the folk. Every time there is a performance, all the young and old in the village make fire twists. The paper is rolled into a twist of more than 30 cm long, and then folded in half to make a 16 cm long twist rope, and then the twist is rolled until it is firm and straight. Finally, the rolled paper twist is soaked in cooking oil, and after the paper twist is completely soaked, it is dried and attached to the lion's outer coat. The dress of the fire lion is that the performer first wears a wet sack and a twist coat. The key to unloading is the shuttle connecting the front and back. The shuttle must be pulled to untie the whole body. If the shuttle cannot be untied, the body will be burned. The performance of the fire lion originally had two big lions (in order to make the lions tall and majestic, each lion was played by a sturdy and strong young man), two small lions and a lion teaser. Now there are no small lions in the performance. The performance movements of the fire lion include "shaking shoulders", "scratching", "shaking hair", "raising claws", "stretching", "turning head and using tail", "high" and other movements. The two lions can also perform impromptu performances such as chasing or fighting for hydrangeas. The fire hydrangeas held by the lion teaser are also made of fire twists, that is, the fire twists are attached to the ball made of wood and bamboo pieces. The movements are mainly shaking the ball, turning the ball, and shaking the ball. The fire lion is accompanied by percussion instruments. The band gives timely and appropriate gong and drum beats according to the performers' movements, mainly to set off the atmosphere, and the movements do not require stepping on the beat.

Intangible culture related to the heritage

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