Batik technique (Batik of the Miao ethnic group in Zhijin)

Guizhou
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Zhijin Miao batik embroidery is mainly distributed in Guanzhai Township, Daping Township, Zhuzang Town, and Houzhai Township. In addition, some towns and villages where a small number of Miao people live are also distributed. The Miao batik embroidery craft has a history of thousands of years. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the Miao compatriots living in the two river basins had mastered the batik embroidery craft. The Miao people call batik "bang" (bng), which is translated as wax flower. It started with linen batik. In the 1930s, coarse cotton cloth (commonly known as homespun cloth) was used for batik. In the 1950s, woven cotton cloth (called foreign cloth) was used for batik. Now flat gauze poplin is mostly used. In recent years, diqueliang has been used for trial dyeing. It has the factors of dyeing resistance and temperature resistance, and the effect is poor. Moreover, the wax will be deformed when boiled in boiling water. It is better to use fine cotton cloth for painting and dyeing, and fine patterns can be drawn. The main tools for Miao batik embroidery are wax knives, wax pots and dyeing vats. The raw materials are paraffin, indigo and self-woven linen or white flat gauze and poplin purchased on the market. The process is wax painting, that is, using a wax knife to dip wax to carve various patterns on white cloth; dyeing, after the wax painting is completed, the cloth should be dyed, and the dyeing should be repeated; rinsing, the dyed batik products should be rinsed with warm water and dried. Batik is divided into two categories: black and white and color. Black and white batik has two types: thick line stripes and thin line stripes; color batik has two types: dark and light colors. There are 12 types of embroidery, namely flat embroidery, cross-stitching, pile embroidery, lock embroidery, applique embroidery, seed embroidery, broken line embroidery, nail line embroidery, crepe embroidery, braid embroidery, entanglement embroidery, horsetail embroidery, tin embroidery, and silk embroidery. These techniques are divided into several needles, such as lock embroidery has double needle lock and single needle lock, and broken line embroidery has broken thick line and broken thin line. Miao batik embroidery originated in the Yangtze River and Yellow River basins and has a history of thousands of years. Miao batik embroidery is mostly based on landscapes, flying birds, and rivers. The patterns on batik embroidery works reflect the migration, struggle, and life of Miao compatriots, and record the rise and fall and changes of the entire nation. It is of great value to the study of the historical evolution and culture of the Miao people. It is actually a historical picture scroll of the Miao compatriots. On May 24, 2021, it was approved by the State Council to be included in the fifth batch of national intangible cultural heritage representative expansion project list.

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