Hezhou Pingxian was called Pingdiao and Shudiao in ancient times. After 1949, it was also called "Linxia Pingxian". Its main instrument is Sanxian. It is an ancient Han folk art. It is mainly spread in Linxia City, Linxia County, Jishishan County, Hezheng County, Yongjing County and other places in Gansu Province. It is a common singing song at wedding banquets, birthdays, holidays, parks and tea gardens. Compared with Hezhou Xianxiao, Pingxian is "silk" and "fine work", and it is popular in their respective circles. Hezhou Pingxian is a project on the third batch of national intangible cultural heritage list and the second batch of Gansu Provincial Intangible Cultural Heritage List. Compared with Hezhou Xianxiao, Xianxiao tunes are less, the lyrics are popular, and they are very popular with the public; Pingxian tunes are more, the words are elegant, and the scope of circulation is narrow. The lyrics of Hezhou Pingxian are mostly composed of seven words and ten sentences, and the content is mainly about singing historical stories or Han folk legends. Pingxian tunes are generally in the structure of brand tunes, and the tunes are connected by front fork, Shuqiang, miscellaneous tunes, Shuqiang, and back fork. Pingxian accompaniment instruments include sanxian, erhu, bamboo flute, pengling, siyewa, etc. The sources of Pingxian lyrics are quite complicated, which can be traced back to the Tang and Five Dynasties Bianwen, the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, and the Ming and Qing Baojuan Tanci, and more absorbed the local Han folk tunes, forming the unique Hezhou Pingxian. Therefore, in the eyes of Pingxian artists, Pingxian is regarded as "fine goods" and Meihu is "coarse goods". It is said to be "fine goods" based on Pingxian "The First Meeting in the West Chamber", which is derived from "The Dream of Yingying in Caoqiao Inn in the West Chamber". The key words and phrases of the two are similar. "The First Meeting in the Western Chamber" says: "I don't have the beauty and talent of Pan An, you pity me as a guest", "In an instant, the soft jade and warm fragrance are full in my arms, and we go to the rooftop to play, and we are in harmony with each other; Enrui is fragrant and soft, and I can't help kissing her cheeks." "Dreaming of Yingying in Caoqiao Inn in the Western Chamber" says: "I don't have the appearance of Song Yu, the appearance of Pan An, and the talent of Zijian; you are pitiful and see people as a guest", "I have the soft jade and warm fragrance in my arms, and the flower heart is gently broken, and the peony blooms with dew drops." "The fish and water are in harmony, and the tender buds and delicate fragrance butterflies are free to pick the sandalwood mouth and warm the fragrant cheeks." Therefore, the listeners of "fine goods" are mostly cultural people. With the long-term singing of history, artists have absorbed a lot of local Han folk tunes, and have also been influenced by Lanzhou drums and Xining Pingxian. Historical Origin It is unknown when the Hezhou Pingxian originated or when it was introduced to Linxia. At least in the late 19th century (late Qing Dynasty), it was popular among the people in Linxia. Hezhou Pingxian has a long history. Its tune names are similar to those of Tang and Song Dynasty Zaqu, Yuan and Ming Dynasty Sanqu, and Suqu. It not only retains some of the lingering charm of Xiliang music, but also echoes many tones of northern and southern minor songs. Studies have shown that the sources of Pingxian lyrics are quite complicated, dating back to Tang and Five Dynasties Bianwen, Jin and Yuan Dynasties Zhugongdiao, and Ming and Qing Baojuan Tanci, which absorbed more local Han folk minor songs, forming the unique Hezhou Pingxian. Therefore, in the eyes of Pingxian artists, Pingxian is regarded as "fine goods" and Xianxiao is "coarse goods". According to legends of artists, Hezhou Pingxian was first sung in the palace and was loved by the emperor. Mr. Wang Pei believes in the article "Hezhou Rap Art" that the legend has some truth from the characteristics of Hezhou Pingxian's beautiful lyrics, graceful tunes, and elegant singing forms. In the early to mid-20th century, Hezhou Pingxian was popular in Linxia. In Hezhou City, Mr. Luo Liangde opened the "Hezhou Pingxian Self-Entertainment Tea Garden", Mr. Li Yuhe's "Huayuan Street Self-Entertainment Tea Garden", and Mr. Geng Zhitian opened the "Fenglin Tea Garden", singing Pingxian, which was very popular. Recorded artists include Fei Baojia (from the Daoguang period), Tang Jianghu (from the Guangxu period), Luo Liangde, Li Yuhe, Kui Shirong, Ma Jiuwa (Hui), Geng Zhitian, Li Sunsheng, Shi Yuqing, Gao Zhengwei, Qi Jing'an, Bu Haizhou, Shi De'an, Tang Hai'an, Feng Jin, Zhao Sen, Pu Zhen, Zhu Binru, Li Yongzi, Lei Ping'an and others. There are nearly 100 traditional librettos, and their contents are mainly historical masterpieces, myths and legends, folk tales and excellent chapters or fragments from Yuan and Ming dramas. The big versions include "Confucius Pays Attendance to a Master", "Fishermen, Woodcutters, Farmers and Scholars", "Bo Ya Plays the Lute", "Su Wu Shepherds Sheep", "Empress Becomes a Monk", "Zhen Wu Becomes a Saint", "Jiu Fu Persuades Friends", "Wu Zixu Crosses the River", "Zhaojun Reconciles with the Barbarians", "Returning to the World", "The Story of Wine, Women, Money and Anger", "The Singing of Birds", and "Eleven Heads". The small versions include "Yang Huanle", "Song Jiang Joins Friends", "White Ape Steals Peaches", "Yingying Farewell", and "Ten Li Pavilion". There are also "Playing in the Moonlight", "Ten Sighs", "Family Portrait", "Ten Unkindness" and other "small sections" or "small points". Only a few dozen traditional librettos remain today. (No pictures available, please provide.) (No pictures available, please provide.)