Clay Sculpture (Junxian Clay Cuckoo)
Jun County is located in the northern part of Henan Province and is under the jurisdiction of Hebi City. According to the "Zizhi Tongjian", at the end of the Sui Dynasty, the peasant uprising army fought with the Sui army for Liyang Cang (Jun County was called Liyang at that time). A general named Yang Yi under the leader of the Wagang Army, Li Mi, stationed troops here, and the village was named Yang Yi Tun. At that time, some soldiers in the army knew how to make clay figures. In order to commemorate the soldiers and horses who died on the battlefield, they used local clay to make clay figures and horses. Later, some personnel in the army were resettled on the spot, and this craft was passed down. Jun County's clay sculptures are small in size, with the largest less than 20 cm and the smallest only 4 to 5 cm. Because there are two small holes at the tail, it makes a "cooing" sound when blown, so it is called "mud cooing". Yang Yi Tun, Liyang Town, is the main production place of mud cooing. The basic content of Jun County's mud cooing includes three categories of people, animals, and birds, with more than 100 varieties. The tools used to make it are very simple, mainly bamboo tubes and sticks for shaping. The makers use these tools to shape the local yellow clay into works through processes such as mixing water and hammering. Then they dip it in rosin (now changed to ink), foreign colors (now changed to gouache), and use homemade hemp pens (now changed to brushes) to paint on the molded blanks. Black is mostly used as the base color, and then various patterns are painted with brighter colors such as red, yellow, blue, and green to form a strong contrast with the black base. Then, a layer of varnish is applied and it is placed in a small brick-built earth kiln about one meter high and wide for baking. The works of mud cuckoo mainly include historical figures, opera figures, twelve zodiac signs, small animals, birds, and horse riders. Junxian mud cuckoo has a long history and strong folk characteristics. It has a simple and exaggerated shape and is well received by the general public and experts and scholars. It is called a living fossil of history by folklore experts. The main inheritors now include Wang Xuefeng, Wang Antian, Song Xuehai and others, but young people today are unwilling to continue learning this craft. The traditional craft is in a lack of successors and is gradually being lost, and is in urgent need of rescue. (No pictures available, welcome to provide.) (No pictures available, welcome to provide.)