Guqin Art (Guangling Qin School)

Jiangsu
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Guqin Art (Guangling Qin School), a traditional music project in the second batch of national representative items of intangible cultural heritage. In 2003, it was listed in the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. It is one of the important schools of Chinese Guqin art. Guqin was popular in ancient Yangzhou during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, regional styles and school characteristics gradually emerged. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, the emergence of the great master Xu Changyu and the publication of the Chengjiantang Qin Score compiled by him made the Guangling Qin School mature. The Guangling Qin School is unique in the fields of qin manufacturing, qin strings, qin scores, qin players, qin music, qin history, qin rhyme, qin theory, qin society, and qin school. It is compatible and unique, draws on the strengths of many, and advocates "the whole country is one family, and there are no two schools in the north and the south"; inheritance and pioneering go hand in hand, and each generation of descendants has made new achievements on the basis of inheriting their predecessors. The Guangling Qin School takes "relaxed, crisp, noble, pure, mysterious, ancient, and moderate" as its aesthetic standards, advocates "pure, subtle, and distant", and pursues the interest of "free and easy, unrestrained and unimpeded". In the performance, it is "heavy but not empty, light but not vulgar, fast but not hurried, slow but not slack, like chanting and kneading, round but unobstructed, with grace and notes, broken and reconnected", with the artistic style of "the sound moves freely, the meaning is wonderfully harmonious". Its representative repertoires include "Pingsha Luoyan", "Plum Blossom Three Variations", "Woodcutter's Song", "Mountain Dwelling Chan", "Fisherman and Woodcutter's Questions and Answers", etc. There are more than 20 existing Qin scores of the Guangling School, among which the "Chengjiantang Qin Score" compiled by Wu Changyu and his son, "Wuzhizhai Qin Score" compiled by Xu Qi and his son, "Ziyuantang Qin Score" compiled by Wu Shibai, "Jiao'an Qin Score" compiled by Qin Weihan, and "Ku Mu Chan Qin Score" compiled by Shi Kongchen are the most outstanding and have a wide influence. The Guangling Qin Society, founded by Sun Shaotao in 1912, has played an important role in the research and development of Guangling Qin studies.

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