Shanyang Qin School Guqin Art, a traditional music project in the fifth batch of Huai'an City's representative projects of municipal intangible cultural heritage. Historical evolution and distribution Guqin, in ancient times, was called "qin", and also had other names such as "luqi" and "sitong". Although the legends of "Fuxi made qin", "Shennong made qin", and "Shun made five-stringed qin" are not credible, its history is indeed quite long. Qin was first seen in the classics in the first collection of poems in my country, "The Book of Songs". "A graceful lady, qin and qin are her friends" in "The Book of Songs Zhounan Guanju" and "I have guests, playing qin and qin" in "The Book of Songs Xiaoya Luming" both reflect the close connection between qin and people's lives. It can be seen that qin was already popular in the Zhou Dynasty more than 3,000 years ago. Huai'an was originally a large town in Sheyang. In the seventh year of Yixi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (411), Shanyang County and Shanyang County were established here. In the first year of the Republic of China, Shanyang County was renamed Huai'an County. Huai'an once had a brilliant and glorious ancient guqin civilization. The once-rising Shanyang Guqin School had a great influence in the guqin world. The Shanyang Guqin School was widely spread as early as the Tang and Song dynasties, and reached its peak in the Ming and Qing dynasties. According to the Shanyang County Chronicles, there was a guqin master Wu Guiyun in Huai'an in the Ming Dynasty. His name was Liuzhang. He was "good at reading and writing when he was young." He "created five-tone scores by himself. All the "Guofeng", "Ya Song", "Baiyun Yao", "Dafeng Ge", and Yuefu from the Han and Tang Dynasties were all recorded in the guqin. He carefully examined the sound and reason, and was clear to the millimeter. People thought it was a divine skill." It reached its peak in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The most representative figures are Wu Guiyun, a master of the Ming Dynasty, Liu E, Qiao Ziheng brothers, Yang Ziyong, Xia Yifeng, etc. in the Qing Dynasty. After Xia Yifeng moved to Nanjing in 1921, the inheritance of Huai'an Guqin was interrupted to a certain extent and gradually declined. Basic content and value Shanyang Guqin School has a long history and a unique artistic style, which has been valued by guqin players of all generations. Representative pieces include: "Good Night", "Quietly Watching Chant", "Guanshan Moon", "Ou Lu Forgetting", "Remembering the Old Friend", "Fisherman and Woodcutter Questions and Answers", etc., with beautiful melodies and simple playing techniques, which are widely spread among Guqin lovers. Shanyang Guqin School pursues a dignified appearance, simplicity and simplicity, smooth charm and profound artistic conception in its playing style. In terms of playing techniques, the left hand's starting notes of the chorus and the notes are more prominent, the right hand's plucking fingers are tight, and the punctuation is emphasized in the playing, which has a strong meaning of chanting. The playing is ups and downs, distant, delicate and smooth. The unique playing style and techniques of Shanyang Guqin School are unique in the history of the development of Guqin art, and carry important values from the perspectives of history, culture and art. The protection of Shanyang Guqin School's Guqin art will play a very important role in exploring the development history of Huai'an Guqin, promoting traditional culture, inheriting Guqin art, and promoting the development of Huai'an's cultural undertakings. The main representatives of the Shanyang Qin School include the brothers Qiao Ziheng, Yang Ziyong, Xia Yifeng, Ling Qizhen and others. Qiao Ziheng was a native of Chuzhou, Huai'an during the Tongzhi and Guangxu periods of the Qing Dynasty. He and his brother Qiao Zian learned from their mother when they were young. When he was young, he opened a picture mounting shop in Huai'an City and learned from Qin Weihan and other guqin masters. After that, Qiao Ziheng absorbed the strengths of many schools and deliberately innovated. "The Way of the University", "The Good Night", "The Quiet Viewing Chant", "The Drunken Fish Singing at Dusk", "The Wild Geese Falling on the Flat Sand", "The Questions and Answers of the Fisherman and the Woodcutter" and other famous songs he played. His "Autumn Frontier Chant" absorbed the Yang style of Qin, starting with singing the strings, and then playing the Qin after the tune was sung enough, using the cotton finger method. The Qin method vividly reflects the feelings of autumn outside the Great Wall and the sighing of human emotions. In his middle age, Qiao Ziheng's Qin art grew rapidly and his reputation was well-known in Jiangsu. So he gave up the picture mounting business and made a living by teaching Qin full-time. Among Qiao Ziheng's disciples, the outstanding representatives include Yang Ziyong and Taoist Shi Kongchen, who are Guqin masters. Yang Ziyong is also from Chuzhou, Huai'an, and makes a living by painting in Huai'an. Not only is he skilled in Guqin, but he is also famous for training outstanding disciples in the Chinese Guqin industry in the late Qing Dynasty. Even now, the Guqin industry regards him as a good story of training good disciples. Yang Ziyong's proud students are mainly Xia Yifeng and Ling Qizhen, who are epoch-making figures in the modern Chinese Guqin industry. Xia Yifeng (1883-1963), with the courtesy name Fuyun, is from Chuzhou, Huai'an. His parents died when he was young and his family was poor. At the age of twelve, he entered a Taoist temple in Chuzhou and followed the Taoist master to learn instrumental music and Kunqu opera. Because of his extraordinary musical talent, he was spotted by Yang Ziyong at the age of fifteen and was accepted as a disciple to teach him Guqin. Xia Yifeng also asked Mrs. Xu, a female disciple of Qiao Ziheng, for advice on Guqin. Xia Yifeng studied hard and made rapid progress in Guqin skills. In 1921, he lived in Nanjing and did charity work in Chongshan Hall in Jinshajing. In 1934, he joined the "Qingxi Qin Society" in Nanjing. Due to the convenient transportation in Nanjing, Qin players from all over the country often gathered here, which enabled him to exchange Qin art with Qin players from different Qin schools, especially with the Guangling Qin School, and learn from each other and improve day by day. When playing the Qin, his posture is dignified, the syllables are steady and accurate, the gestures are beautiful, and the rhyme is smooth. He is unique in Jinling and is known as the representative of the "Modern Jinling Qin School". It should be said that Xia Yifeng's outstanding Qin art was formed in Huai'an and developed in Nanjing. He is the best Qin player of Shanyang Qin School. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Xia Yifeng was hired as a special researcher of the Central Institute of National Music. In 1954, he founded the "Nanjing Music Society" with national musicians such as Gan Tao. He played more than 20 Qin pieces in his life, and the best ones are "Pingsha Luoyan", "Yuqiao Dialogue", "Gu Lu Wangji" and "Qiusai Yin". He once collaborated with Yang Yinliu, the former director of the Central Music Research Institute and a famous folk musician, to set a song to Li Bai's poem "Guanshan Yue". This song is deep and tragic, expressing the mood of the ancient soldiers who were tired of war and wanted to go home, and it has been sung to this day. Yang Yinliu once recorded Xia Yifeng's guqin music, compiled it into a score, and published it as the first volume of "Guqin Music Collection". Volume 6 of "Guqin Volume of Chinese Music Collection" (Zhongchang Lao Bazhang) includes a recording of Xia Yifeng's "Jingguan Yin", which has been passed down to later generations. Xia Yifeng's "Jingguan Yin" is solid and smooth, calm and composed. Although it is short, it is performed very well. Ling Qizhen (1911-1984), whose courtesy name is Renwu and also Shishi, is from Shanghai. In the 1930s, Ling Qizhen studied Huai'an Guqin School guqin music "Da Da Zhi Dao", "Liang Xiao Yin", "Jingguan Yin", "Zui Yu Chang Wan" and other songs from Mr. Yang Ziyong. After the founding of New China, he has been a professor at Shenyang Conservatory of Music. He founded the "Liaoning Guqin Research Association" with Guqin player Gu Meigeng and was elected as the vice president. Not only did he play the Guqin skillfully and become a master, but he also sorted, excavated and rescued a large number of Guqin scores. Unfortunately, they were all confiscated during the Cultural Revolution, and less than half of them are left.