"Small long drum" was originally called long drum, which is a folk dance of the Guoshan Yao, a branch of the Yao ethnic group. Because the drums used are small, it was renamed small long drum in the 1950s and is still used today. It is spread in Sanshui Lianhe Village, Sanshuikou and other Guoshan Yao settlements in Lianshan Zhuang and Yao Autonomous County. The origin of small long drum is very old. According to the Ming edition of "Lingnan Miscellaneous Notes" quoted in "Notes and Novels", "There are Yao people in Guangdong. The barbarians in ancient Changsha, Qianzhong and Wuxi use Amomum villosum, taro, nanmu, lacquer and leather rattan for profit. When they are exhausted, they move to other places to hunt animals and drink, and play long drums for fun." The Lianshan Guoshan Yao came from "the barbarians in ancient Changsha, Qianzhong and Wuxi", which is consistent with the descriptions of "the king of stepping on the pan in the east and west of Xiangjiang River" and "the god of music playing the long waist drum" in "Tayao Qu" by Shen Liao in the Song Dynasty. Volume 31 of the Book of Sui, Geography states: "There are Yi people in Changsha County (and Miscellaneous), named 'Mo Yao'. Wuling, Baling, Lingling and Xiping are all the same." The Xiping County is the present Lianshan. It can be seen that during the Sui Dynasty, the Yao people in ancient Changsha, Qianzhong and Wuxi had already migrated south to Guangdong. Based on this, it can be inferred that the Lianshan Xiaochanggu dance was introduced to Guangdong with the migration of the Yao people to the south during the Sui Dynasty, and has a history of more than 1,500 years. The Xiaochanggu is the only dance tool for the Xiaochanggu dance. It is made of light paulownia wood, two feet and three inches long, with a waist in the middle that is so thin that an average adult can hold it. The two ends are round and the same size, hollowed out inside, and covered with high-quality animal skins, which can produce a crisp sound. The drum body is painted red, with a tortoise shell pattern with strong contrasting tones, and the lace is decorated with undulating and orderly "dog tooth flowers". The animal skin nails are decorated with a circle of golden flower spikes to add color. The "dog tooth flower" and tortoise shell patterns are intrinsically linked to the Yao ethnic group's totem worship of dragon dogs and tortoises. The small long drum dance is known as the "72 routines", most of which are derived from the simulation of the process of building a house and making a small long drum (hereinafter referred to as "expressive movements"), and a small part is an abstract artistic summary of the image of natural scenery (hereinafter referred to as "programmed movements"). The order of dance performance is: "Turning the sky and the earth", "Looking for a house", "Dig the house", "Shoveling the house", "Leveling the house", "Measuring the house", "Stepping on the stone foot", "Chopping wood", "Measuring wood", "Sawing wood", "Carrying wood", "Setting up a wooden horse", "Bearing wood", "Chiseling wood", "Erecting pillars", "Stringing together", "Bearing low", "Bearing high", "Raising the beam", "Pulling the beam", "Going up to the eight directions", "Setting up the door", "Setting up the shrine", "Building a house", "Looking for drum wood", "Chopping drum wood", "Measuring drum wood", "Fighting drum wood", "Repairing drum", "Sealing drum", "Listening to drum", "Drilling the sky", "Drilling the earth", "Loosening the waist with drum", "Golden rooster passing through the cage door", "Thrush jumping over the dragon gate", "High mountain dripping water", "Lotus covering the roof", "Floating across the sea", "Walking on the river", "Putting tables together", "Measuring tables", "Closing the drum". There are also drum flowers "small lotus" and "big lotus". Each set of movements must be combined with the programmed movements of "Lotus Covering the Roof" and "Floating Across the Sea" (or "Walking on the River") to form an independent group (also called a set). Each set consists of three movements, such as "Lotus Covering the Roof" - "Looking for a House" - "Floating Across the Sea" (or "Walking on the River"). Each set of movements is performed counterclockwise, starting from the east, and then performed once in each of the four directions of north, west and south. The second set of movements is performed only after returning to the original position. The accompanying instruments of this dance are drums, small gongs, cymbals, hall gongs, suona, etc. The music includes opening gongs and drums, andante, allegro, suona music (one), (two), and ending gongs and drums.