Foshan Paper Cutting

Guangdong
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Foshan paper-cutting is a folk paper-cutting in Guangdong. It has been around since the Song Dynasty and flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Its style is magnificent, vigorous and ancient, its structure is majestic and unrestrained, its colors are exaggerated and gorgeous, and it uses cutting, carving, chiseling, printing, writing, lining and other techniques. The materials and expression methods are cleverly combined, and it has distinct local characteristics. Due to the difference in production methods, it can be roughly divided into pure color paper-cutting, copper lining materials, example writing materials, paper writing materials, gold flowers, silver writing materials, etc. Its works are cut and carved on paper or on special copper foil or silver foil with scissors or knives, among which copper writing materials are the most prominent. Foshan paper-cutting has a long history, originating from the Song Dynasty and flourishing in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Since the Ming Dynasty, Foshan paper-cutting has been mass-produced by a specialized industry, and its products are sold to the province and the central, southern and southwestern provinces, and exported to Southeast Asian countries. In ancient times, the main uses of paper-cutting were decoration of holiday gifts, sacrificial decorations, embroidery and carving patterns, product trademarks, etc. With the development of society, Foshan paper-cutting, based on tradition, has the characteristics of rigorous composition, strong decorativeness, exquisite elegance, and magnificent splendor. It is characterized by themes that reflect the life of the times, creating a path of innovation in traditional art and is more representative in my country's paper-cutting art. Foshan paper-cutting is said to have originated from the Central Plains and developed in combination with local folk customs, handicrafts, and commerce. By the Qing Dynasty, it had gradually become a market and guild organizations had emerged. At the beginning of the 20th century, 12 lines related to Foshan paper-cutting, including door money, fairy tales, Fu Shuyi paper, stream paper, gold flowers, grinding flower paper, dipped paper, copper, copper foil, cinnabar year red dyed paper, flower red dyed paper, and dyed paper, all flourished. There were hundreds of shops and nearly 3,000 workers. The dipped paper and various dyed paper they produced were the source of materials for Foshan paper-cutting. Foshan paper-cutting can be divided into four categories: pure color paper-cutting, lining paper-cutting, writing paper-cutting, and copper chiseled paper-cutting. According to the different materials, it can be divided into nine categories: pure color material, paper lining material, copper lining material, dyeing material, woodcut overprinting material, copper writing material, silver writing material, paper writing material, and copper chiseled material. Paper-cutting techniques can be divided into two categories: cutting and carving. Cutting is mostly done randomly, two or three pieces at a time, such as gift flowers, lantern flowers, candlestick flowers, incense table flowers, and cake flowers of the Qiqiao Festival are made in this way; carving can carve 20 to 30 pieces each time, and rough patterns can be carved from 50 to 100 pieces, which is convenient for mass reproduction. The carving knives used in Foshan paper-cutting vary in size, generally grinded randomly, with a width ranging from 3 mm to 1 mm, and a set of more than ten knives. When holding the knife, hold it in the way of holding a brush, cut vertically, and the lines are connected and continuous, forming a net-like shape. The content and form of traditional Foshan paper-cutting are determined by social conditions and public opinion. The eternal themes of happiness, auspiciousness, exorcism, and longevity are extremely popular among the people and have been popular for a long time. Corresponding to this theme, the magnificent copper foil and bright colored paper in Foshan paper-cutting form a unique local style and unique forms of expression such as copper chisel paper-cutting. The main inheritors of Foshan paper-cutting skills are Lin Zaihua and others. Foshan paper-cutting has an industrialized tradition. Strengthening its excavation and protection will help study the folk activities and folk cultural forms of the Pearl River Delta, and at the same time, it can also prosper the folk cultural market and enhance the regional cultural characteristics. However, at present, there is a lack of professional personnel in Foshan paper-cutting. The most distinctive copper chisel paper-cutting cannot be made because the tools are lost and the copper foil as the main material is no longer produced. In addition, the old artists have retired or died of illness. Many traditional skills are in danger of being lost and need to be saved urgently.

Intangible culture related to the heritage

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