Donghai Temple Sacrificial Activities

Shandong
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The East Sea Temple is located on the coast of Bohai Sea, 9 kilometers northwest of Laizhou City Government. It is a place for the courts of all dynasties in my country to worship the sea. It is as famous as the Dai Temple on Mount Tai. As early as the time of Shun, people had already worshipped the sea god. The Qin Emperor and Han Wudi began to worship the sea in person during their eastern tours. In the sixth year of Kaibao (973 AD) of Emperor Taizu of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Sea Temple was renovated in Laizhou. It became a custom for the state to worship the East Sea God in the Laizhou Temple: envoys were sent to worship him every spring. The Sea Temple was renovated twice in the Yuan Dynasty, and the sacrifices were also grand. In the early Ming Dynasty, envoys were sent to offer sacrifices every spring and autumn. From the Ming and Qing Dynasties to the early Republic of China, the temple was greatly renovated and expanded, and it has become a visual temple: it covers an area of about 40 acres and has more than 200 houses and facilities. At the same time, the ritual system of its sacrificial activities has been improved day by day, and a complete set of solemn and respectful sacrificial ritual system has been formed, including: the repair of the sacrificial period, the offering officials, the altar and temple fasting and accommodation, the repair of sacrificial utensils, the preparation of the items used, such as sacrificial silk, incense, candles, dates, chestnuts, salt, fish, vegetables, meat, rice wine, etc., as well as the fasting, display, positioning, welcoming the gods, laying silk, first offering, second offering and more than ten kinds of ritual operation regulations during the sacrifice. People from all over the coastal areas of the country, boatmen, fishermen and merchants from nearby coastal Beichangshan Penglai and other places came to participate in the sacrifice. After 1937, the Japanese invasion of China broke out and the anti-Japanese war broke out, and the sacrificial activities declined. In the autumn of 1946, at the beginning of the War of Liberation, the temple was demolished and the temple sacrifice was terminated. The sacrifice to the sea god was transformed into a temple fair four times a year by the coastal people (on the 18th day of the first lunar month, the third day of the fourth lunar month, the 13th day of the sixth lunar month, and the third day of the tenth lunar month, especially the 13th day of the sixth lunar month, which is the most grand) and the spontaneous sacrificial activities of the masses. The rituals are simple: blowing trumpets and setting off firecrackers. Only pigs (or pig heads), fish, chickens, burning incense and praying are provided. It was on the verge of extinction in the late 1950s and basically disappeared after 1966. Today, some believers burn incense and pray for simple sacrifices. The traditional sacrificial activities of the East Sea Temple are mainly official, supplemented by local coastal folk, and are offered twice a year in spring and autumn. The sea households carry colorful flags, carry whole pigs, hold sacrificial supplies, beat gongs and drums, blow music, and set off firecrackers to the sea temple for sacrifice. Sometimes they also dance yangko, set up a stage to sing opera, etc. The sea temple has a long history of sacrifice. During this period, it has experienced gestation, germination, formation, development, prosperity, decline, and has a history of more than a thousand years, thus forming its unique folk beliefs and national customs. According to the Laizhou Prefecture Chronicle, the sacrifice of the East Sea God is held on the Ding day in the middle of spring and autumn every year. The offering officials use Denglai Qinghai Defense Road, and the officials of the prefecture and county accompany the sacrifice, and the military officers also sacrifice. The altar, the god's kitchen, the slaughter house, and the fasting and sleeping quarters shall all be inspected by the clerks and workers ten days in advance to the temple, and the damage shall be checked and repaired according to the regulations. Ten days in advance, the clerks and craftsmen shall be inspected and repaired according to the damage of the sacrificial utensils. Two animal boxes and two animal boxes; one sacrificial table, one sieve, four baskets, and four bowls. The clerks of the altar shall prepare a sheep, a pig's stew, a piece of silk, one ounce of green sandalwood, two pairs of large candles, four pairs of small candles, and two catties of dates ten days in advance. The fasting ceremony shall be held for two days, and each shall stay in his own office; the fasting shall be held for one day outside the temple, and the fasting shall be held together in the fasting quarters of the sea temple. The morning of the day before the ceremony of welcoming and inspecting the animals, the county officials and below shall wear official uniforms and go outside the temple to inspect the animals, incense, silk, and sugarcane, and send them to the animal room and kitchen. At dusk, they put on their official uniforms and stood in front of the incense table in the animal room. The butcher slaughtered the animal, and the steward knelt to receive a dish of hair and blood, which was first offered in front of the shrine. The officials returned to their lodgings. The ceremony of setting up the temple was that the stewards cleaned the temple inside and outside the day before, and set up a signature curtain, which was then placed outside the temple gate facing south. On the table inside the curtain, a prayer board was placed, and the prayer text was pasted on the board with paper; the basket was filled with silk, and the box was filled with incense; in front of the shrine in the temple, a tablet was placed with the inscription: God of the East Sea. In front of the shrine, a wine table was set; in front of it, a 簠簋 table was set, with two 簠 filled with millet rice; in front of it, two animal tables were set, with two animal boxes, etc.; in front of it, a prayer table was set, with the prayer board; in front of it was the place for drinking and receiving the sacrificial offerings. Outside the temple gate, a wine jar table was set slightly to the east, and a washing table was set on the east steps; on the red steps, there were seats for Tongzan in the east and west; under the steps, there were seats for Yinzan in the east and west; on the middle steps, there was a place for the offering official to worship; and later, there was a place for the accompanying sacrificial official to worship.

Intangible culture related to the heritage

China tourist attractions related to the heritage