Jade carving (Beijing jade carving)
Beijing jade carving, also known as "Beijing jade", is a kind of jade carving technique that is popular in Beijing. It originated in the Yuan Dynasty, and its ancestor was the Quanzhen Taoist Qiu Chuji. In the Ming Dynasty, the Imperial Palace Imperial Household Supervision set up a jade workshop, which brought together jade masters from all over the country, and Beijing's palace jade carving industry flourished. In the Qing Dynasty, playing with jade was popular in Beijing, and the jade carving technology reached its historical peak. After 1911, Beijing's folk jade carving industry became increasingly prosperous, and famous craftsmen with outstanding talents and amazing skills such as Pan Bingheng, Liu Deying, He Rong, and Wang Shusen emerged, bringing Beijing jade carving into a new historical stage. After the founding of New China, Beijing's jade carving industry developed rapidly, once reaching a scale of several thousand people, with a gathering of talents and new and surprising skills. The four jade national treasures made during this period, "Daiyue Wonders", "Hanxiang Jurui", "Four Seas Joy", and "Qunfang Lansheng", were carefully crafted, extremely beautiful, and presented a very high artistic level, and were commended by the State Council. Beijing jade carving is known for its "fine workmanship and solid materials". It inherits the traditional skills of palace jade carving, uses exquisite materials, is exquisitely made, and has a wide range of products. It can produce a variety of products such as utensils, figures, flowers, birds and animals, bonsai, and jewelry. Beijing jade carving skills include selecting materials, cleaning materials, cutting materials, designing, grinding, polishing, and other links. The shapes are majestic, heavy, dignified and elegant, and the decorations are exquisite, bright and simple, reflecting the high level of craftsmanship. Since the 1980s, due to the shortage of funds and the lack of talent, the characteristic varieties and skills of Beijing jade carving have been lost, and rescue and protection are urgent.