Yushu Folk Songs

Qinghai
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Although the Yushu area is extremely lacking in material wealth, it is a shining pearl in the Chinese Tibetan culture. "The ancestor of famous mountains, the ancient Tang-Tibet Road, the city of Mani stones, and the city of tents" are used to describe the unique natural and cultural environment of Yushu. Yushu is known as the source of rivers, the hometown of singing and dancing, and the Chinese water tower. Yushu folk songs are mountain songs, which are songs sung in the mountains and wilderness. Looking at the distribution of folk songs in Tibetan areas, before liberation, Changlu was mainly circulated in the Kham Tibetan area, especially in Yushu. Among the folk songs circulated in the Yushu Tibetan area, it is the most representative. Yushu folk song "Changlu" Jiayong Qunpei Tibetans divide folk songs into two categories, namely "Lu" (mountain songs) and "Lai" (love songs). "Changlu" belongs to Lu-style folk songs, that is, mountain songs, which are songs sung in the mountains and wilderness. Looking at the distribution of folk songs in Tibetan areas, before liberation, Changlu was mainly circulated in the Kham Tibetan area, especially in Yushu. It is the most representative folk song in the Tibetan area of Yushu. On June 14, 2008, Yushu folk songs were selected into the national intangible cultural heritage list. Yushu is a rich production area of Tibetan folk songs, with a wide variety and rich content. In 1985, the Yushu State Art Museum organized special personnel to collect and organize nearly 2,000 Tibetan folk songs. In the same year, the "Yushu Folk Song Collection" with more than 1,400 folk songs was published. There are three types of folk songs in Yushu that can be called folk songs in the traditional sense, namely Le, Layi, and Chuangle. For example, Gumo is a love song, Qiongle is a wine song, Junle is a wall-building song, Yola is a harvesting and threshing song, as well as wedding songs, welcoming songs, milking songs, lullabies, etc. are generally classified as ballads. In terms of content, the connotation of Le is relatively broad. In addition to involving love between men and women, it can cover everything in heaven and on earth. As for Le songs, they include preface songs, call songs, odes, set songs (i.e., set up tents, mulberry stoves, and spread song carpets), main songs, and the final ending blessing songs. Characteristic tunes The names of folk songs with different styles and characteristics are popular in Yushu area, such as Geji Zasongzhang, i.e., Geji Dujuan Sanchang, Seda Wa Zhuoga, i.e., Qunse Baima Knight, Ranxi Ran Gonglongjia, Azhong Rongba, Cairen Gawa, Zaqu Kawa, etc. These tunes are high-pitched and melodious, with a wide range of sounds, free and unrestrained, beautiful and fluent, and profound in artistic conception, with strong Tibetan ethnic characteristics. Language structure Yushu Tibetan folk songs are generally three-part style, which is a prominent feature in language structure. Le and Lai are four-sentence three-part style, three-sentence three-part style, and two-sentence three-part style. Because Le and Lai have neat rhythms and the same steps, they are catchy to sing. The first and second paragraphs are metaphors, and the third paragraph is the theme, which is the basic expression method of Yushu Tibetan folk songs. For example, in certain occasions and situations, when the people or other things directly described in the third paragraph are omitted or inconvenient to sing, the third paragraph is simply not sung, but the meaning is already very clear and does not hinder the expression of meaning. The singing form is either self-singing or singing in response to each other, including solo singing and solo singing, group singing and group singing, solo singing and group singing, and male and female duets, which are the basic singing forms of Le and Layi.

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