Qiliang Village in Zhouzhi County is located between Gengyu River and Baima River at the northern foot of Qinling Mountains, at the junction of Zhouzhi and Huxian County. It is a small village with a population of about 1,300 people. The villagers have used Cai Lun's papermaking technique to make "paper", namely "Cai Hou Paper", which has been passed down to this day. In 2011, the papermaking skills of Qiliang Village were announced as the third batch of intangible cultural heritage list of Shaanxi Province. Papermaking in Qiliang Village originated in the late Eastern Han Dynasty and flourished in the Jin Dynasty. It has a very long history. At that time, Qiliang Village was located in Wuzha Palace, Shanglinyuan, Han Dynasty, and was the paper workshop of the royal family. There is a story about the name of the village. It is said that Qiliang Village was called Lizeli Liudi before the Ming Dynasty. Because everyone in the village was engaged in papermaking and no one was farming and harvesting grain, Liu Chuifang, who was the judge of the Dali Temple at that time, and Zhao Yukui, the Taifu Qing, reported to Emperor Wanli and requested to encourage Qiliang people to specialize in the papermaking industry, expand the scale of production, and take the village's land tax and grain tax on credit. The emperor granted the request. Therefore, Qiliang Village was once called "No Grain Village". Later, the villagers thought the name "No Grain Village" was ugly and unlucky, so it was renamed "Abandoning Grain Village" according to the homophonic meaning of the emperor's abandonment of the village's grain tax. Finally, it was renamed the current "Qiliang Village". Papermaking in Qiliang Village is closely related to Cai Lun. There are three Cai Lun Temples (Lun Temple) built at the west end of the village. The papermaking technology of Qiliang people is completely inherited from Cai Lun's papermaking technology. The raw materials for papermaking are all the bark of the paper mulberry tree (scientific name is paper mulberry) in the Qinling Mountains. In order to collect raw materials, the people of Qiliang almost traveled through all the valleys in the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains. As a raw material base for papermaking, they still maintain friendly exchanges with the mountain people here. The production process of Qiliang's "paper" is quite complicated and the skills are quite difficult to master. Generally, it has to go through 36 processes and 72 small processes, including peeling, soaking in water, soaking in ash water, steaming, washing, removing, stepping on, shaking, piercing, soaking, washing, stepping, cutting, pounding, beating, papermaking, pressing, drying, saving water, and peeling. Each process has strict requirements and must not be sloppy, otherwise all the previous efforts will be wasted and papermaking will fail. The tools for papermaking are also quite complicated and meticulous, very particular, and have many names. The requirements for the material of the tools are even more incredible. For example, there are more than a dozen processes for making the curtain used for papermaking. The curtain material must be perfect bamboo, which must be pulled into a thickness of half a millimeter, fried in a cooking oil pan, and connected with horsetail silk; loess mud is used to make pendants; the frame must be dry autumn wood, otherwise the copied paper will be waste and cannot be pasted on the wall; the paper Han stone and the paper stacking stone must be carefully carved by stonemasons. Qiliang's paper has a profound historical value and historical significance. The famous calligrapher Wang Xizhi wrote "Lanting Preface" on hemp paper, and the original copy was taken into the coffin by Emperor Taizong of Tang. Yan Zhenqing, Zhao Mengfu, Liu Gongquan, Ouyang Xiu and other great calligraphers all became famous for practicing calligraphy on paper. Zhao Han, the first calligrapher of the Ming Dynasty, was from Qiliang, and his calligraphy works are still collected in the National Museum of Japan. When the great poet Bai Juyi of the Tang Dynasty was a county lieutenant in Zhouzhi County, he used Qiliang's paper to write the world-famous poems "Song of Everlasting Sorrow" and "Watching the Wheat Harvest". Yang Longshan, a famous calligrapher in contemporary China, also became famous for practicing calligraphy on Qiliang paper. In the past, the largest purchaser of Qiliang's hemp paper was the winery. The wineries in Xifeng, Taibai, Longwo and other places in Shaanxi used Qiliang's hemp paper as raw material to paste the wine sea to store aged wine. Pasting the wine sea with hemp paper can improve the quality of the wine taste, making the wine taste mellow and refreshing. The actors of Qin Opera Troupe use Qiliang hemp paper when removing makeup, which can prevent the actors' skin from allergies and aging. Famous Qin Opera actors such as Xiao Ruolan, Su Rui'e and Hua Meili have used Qiliang hemp paper for a long time, so they performed for Qiliang Village for three days and four nights in the autumn of 1949. Qiliang hemp paper is most widely used in people's daily life: it can replace plaster in the orthopedics department of the hospital, which has the effect of reducing swelling and relieving pain; it is used to wrap medicine in Chinese medicine shops; it can be used to wrap salt, alkali, sugar, snacks and other commodities in shops to ensure quality and quantity; it can be used to wrap meat without mold and taste in the dog days; it can be used to wrap various types of tea, which is breathable and can extend the storage time of tea and keep the quality of tea; it can be used to paste granaries with it to prevent mildew and extend the shelf life; agricultural research units and geological exploration departments use hemp paper to package samples; in the past, people used it to paper ceilings and walls when they got married; farmers used it to make bellows; artillery factories used it to make gun holes, etc. Qiliang hemp paper has become an indispensable and important item in people's lives. The paper of Qiliang is white, thin, bright, strong, non-fading, non-printing, and non-fading. It is a top-quality product for calligraphy and painting. It can be preserved for thousands of years and still remain intact. Therefore, there have been sayings since ancient times that "paper lasts for a thousand years", "treasure paper like gold", "ask paper under the pen", and "respect words and cherish paper". It is also the best material for museums, libraries, temples, and ancient thread-bound books, so it is a national treasure. It is very difficult for the people of Qiliang to make paper. Basically, they get up early and go to bed late without stopping. Therefore, there is a saying that "a girl who does not marry in Qiliang Village will stand on the wall from morning to night"; "Qiliang people are not tired, they come to step on the pairs all night, making noise and preventing people from sleeping"; "Qiliang's paper, Yuanmadian's mats, and Zhangtun's sieves don't need to be mentioned", which are still circulating among people. Qiliang's Caihou paper created the people of Qiliang. The people of Qiliang have always regarded papermaking as the soul of the village and passed it down from generation to generation. When Qiliang papermaking was at its peak, almost 90% of the people in the village were engaged in this industry. This is not only the best commemoration of Cai Lun, the sage, but also a rich intangible cultural heritage for future generations. In 2010, several university professors and intangible cultural heritage experts came to Qiliang to investigate Qiliang's papermaking and said: "The world's papermaking is in China, China's papermaking is in Shaanxi, Shaanxi's papermaking is in Guanzhong, and Guanzhong is in Qiliang". Qiliang Paper Mill was awarded the "Shaanxi Province's First Batch of Excellent Traditional Culture Education Social Activity Practice Bases for Youth". CCTV, Shaanxi TV, Xi'an TV, Shaanxi Radio and major newspapers and online news media in Shaanxi Province have made special publicity reports on Qiliang's ancient papermaking skills, which has attracted widespread attention in society. Now Qiliang people have built a Chinese Paper Culture Park, which has built "Ancient Papermaking Training Institute", "Cai Lun Memorial Hall", "Youth Practice Base" and other facilities. In addition to making high-quality paper for calligraphers and painters and enterprises, it also receives foreign and domestic university, middle school and primary school students and tourists. (No pictures yet, welcome to provide.) (No pictures yet, welcome to provide.)