Pumi Four-string Dance Music

Yunnan
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The Pumi four-stringed instrument is called "Bibai" by the Pumi people. It is mainly used as an accompaniment for the Pumi collective song and dance "Cuocao". It is widely spread in Pumi areas such as Hexi Township, Tongdian Town, Jinding Town, Lajing Town, Shideng Township, and Yingpan Town in Lanping Bai and Pumi Autonomous County. The history of the four-stringed instrument is difficult to verify, and there are many legends circulating among the people. The Pumi four-stringed instrument is unique in shape, production process, tuning, playing method and repertoire. The production and playing are mainly passed down by teachers, families, and individuals learning and imitating. The traditional four-stringed instrument is 130 cm long and is made of walnut or birch. The instrument box is made into two shapes: round and hexagonal. It is covered with processed sheepskin or sheep stomach to make a resonance box. The strings are made of lamb intestines. Now most of them are replaced by metal strings. The four-stringed instrument has a soft tone, diverse tunings, rich harmonies, and varied rhythms. There are many playing techniques and rich repertoires. The four-stringed harp is mainly used to accompany the dance "Cuocuo". It plays rhythmic music as the dance steps change. Each rhythm is matched with a different mode. The 12 dance steps of "Cuocuo" are 12 rhythmic types. The 12 tunes of the four-stringed music are combined with the 12 steps of the dance. Each dance section is separated by a relaxed singing, forming the characteristics of "song, dance and music" in one. There are many preserved four-stringed music. In addition to the 12 tunes of the dance steps, there are also some ancient music, such as "Four-string Mother Tune" and "Chicken Drinking Water". The four-stringed dance music and "Cuocuo" dance are well popularized and protected in Lanping County. They are deeply loved by people. In various festive occasions and fitness activities, there are dozens of people and tens of thousands of people participating in the performance. In addition to being used as an accompaniment for "Cuocuo", the four-stringed harp is also played for self-entertainment in daily life. The music played is no longer restricted and can be played freely according to the player's playing skills. The pleasant timbre, beautiful melody, bright rhythm and harmony of the four-stringed harp are the characteristics of the dance. The "Cuocuo" dance of the Pumi people in Lanping has been well promoted, but the four-string instrument and four-string music that go with the dance have been relatively neglected. At present, the production of the four-string instrument and the traditional style of the "Cuocuo" dance have tended to change, and the traditional music style has been weakened to a certain extent. With the gradual decrease in the number of older musicians, there has been a gap in the four-string players, and excellent musicians with superb skills are rare. (No pictures yet, welcome to provide.) (No pictures yet, welcome to provide.)

Intangible culture related to the heritage

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