Mianyang Fishing Drum

Hubei
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Mianyang Yugu is a type of Han opera in Hubei Province. It is the most popular form of folk art in Hubei Province, which is familiar and loved by the masses. Mianyang Yugu professional artists have passed down from generation to generation, and have a rich traditional repertoire and singing style. Around 1940, it was popular in the Jianghan Plain area of central Hubei. After 1952, Mianyang Yugu singing activities spread throughout the province, and in 1958 it was renamed Hubei Yugu. For a long time, various places still use Mianyang dialect to sing, maintaining a strong folk local flavor. It has left a deep impression on the audience with its rough and high-pitched singing style, and is quite famous in the history of Chinese folk art. Mianyang Yugu is a kind of folk art, also known as Daoqing, Daoqing Yugu, Tongziqiang, and Nanhuamian. It has a strong local flavor, rough and high-pitched singing style, which has left a deep impression on the audience and is quite famous in the history of Chinese folk art. After 1952, the singing activities of Mianyang Yugu spread throughout Hubei Province, and in 1958 it was named Hubei Yugu. Mianyang (now Xiantao City, Hubei Province) is known as the "hometown of singing and art", and its folk art is relatively prosperous, with folk paper-cutting and shadow puppetry being more eye-catching. Xiantao City enjoys the reputation of "the hometown of Chinese folk culture and art". There is no written record of when and where the "Mianyang Yugu" originated. The artist said: "Mianyang Yugu" was created by the "Eight Immortals". Therefore, there is a custom of "respecting the Eight Immortals" among the "Yugu Daoqing" artists and their "guilds", and they regard the "Eight Immortals" as their "ancestors". The formula in the prelude of the singing of Mianyang Yugu, "Xiangzi Xiangzi Han Xiangzi, Dongbin Dongbin Lü Dongbin", clearly contains the meaning of remembering the teacher and ancestors. According to the relationship between the artists and their teachers, the "Mianyang Yugu" was widely sung in the Mianyang Prefecture of the "Jianghan Plain" during the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty (1796-1820 AD). The Jianghan Plain is low-lying and floods are frequent, so there is a folk song that "Shahu Mianyang Prefecture, nine out of ten years have no harvest". In the old days, the people suffered from floods and had to leave their homes and make a living by begging for food by beating plates, beating Yugu, playing Lianxiang, playing Lianhualuo, and singing folk songs. At first, Yugu was used by the poor people who were suffering from water shortages as a form of folk art for begging and singing from door to door to make a living and for artists to sing to support their families; later, it was sung in teahouses or toasted at weddings and funerals. The repertoire is all congratulatory speeches and fragments of the libretto, as well as the impromptu lyrics of the social language "seeing a child and hitting a child". Such as "When you come to the gate of the mansion, you must first pay respect to the four guests", "After singing for a while, there is no cup of tea. Although the host's firewood is expensive, you can use a pot to simmer it", etc. It fully reflects the wisdom and talent of the Jianghan working people. On May 24, 2021, the Mianyang Yugu, which was applied by Tianmen City, Hubei Province, was approved by the State Council to be included in the extended list of representative items of the national intangible cultural heritage, with the heritage number: V-137.

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