Iron painting is a traditional art project in the fifth batch of representative projects of Huai'an's municipal intangible cultural heritage. Historical evolution and distribution Iron painting, also known as "branding", also known as "fire painting", "fire needle embroidery", etc. It refers to the use of red-hot iron to draw, rub, dot, and dye on wood boards, gourds, paper, silk and other fiber materials to outline the depth, thickness, distance and other effects, and the exquisite patterns branded are unique and unique. As an ancient painting type, the iron painting in Huai'an has been passed down for more than 200 years. Huai'an City is located in the lower reaches of the Huaihe River. It has a long history and profound cultural heritage. It is a place where ancient folk art was enlightened and developed. In the archaeological excavations in the lower reaches of the Huaihe River, the branding patterns of the Song Dynasty were discovered. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, iron painting had already formed a mature craft category in Huai'an. In the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, electric soldering irons were introduced into my country, which further promoted the development and growth of iron painting. At present, the unique art of branding has been known by more art lovers in my country and even in the world, and has been widely used in tourism, clothing, architecture, decoration and other fields. Basic content and characteristics Branding is to use heated metal and open flames to produce scorch marks at different temperatures on bamboo, wood, paper and other fiber materials. In ancient times, branding was called "fire needle embroidery", "hot painting", "branding" or "fire pen painting". In the initial stage of branding, the brander used an iron needle as a branding pen and burned it with an oil lamp. Since the high temperature stays on the moxibustion iron needle for a short time, the lines are not very smooth, so the ancients invented the "carbon-based pen", which is to make charcoal powder into a ball with holes, put it on a metal rod, and burn the charcoal base to paint. This tool prolongs the high temperature to a certain extent, but because the tool is too heavy, it is inconvenient to operate. At the same time, in order to reduce the weight of the tool, a thicker stick incense is used. The large needle is inserted into the top of the stick incense and the stick incense is burned. It can also be used for painting, but because the length of the large needle on the incense head must be constantly adjusted, it is not convenient to use for a long time. It was not until the electric soldering iron was introduced into my country that the difficulty of the tool was greatly improved. When using modern electric soldering pens for pyrography, different specifications and materials of the products should be equipped with different electric soldering pen heads. Generally speaking, there are four types of pens: 1. Sharp pen: The sharp pen is used to burn fine lines and draw very fine patterns. 2. Thick pen: The sharp pen is ground bald and used to draw some thick lines. 3. Slope pen: The tip of the pen is ground into a slope shape, so that the lines drawn are thicker, and some freehand patterns can be made. Fourth, the big slope pen: that is, the slope is larger, which can be used for rendering. In addition, it is also equipped with a flamethrower and a high-temperature spray pen. There are two forms of finished iron paintings: one is a hard material pyrography product, which can be used for daily necessities such as furniture, etc., and can also be used for small artworks such as bookmarks, small gourds, etc., and can also be used for decorations such as framed calligraphy and paintings. The second is a soft material pyrography product, such as clothing, mounted scrolls and calligraphy and paintings, etc. The iron painting is the result of the carbonization reaction between fire and fiber. The carbonization process can be divided into four stages: the first stage is light yellow, which is the initial color halo of high-temperature burning. The second stage is light brown, which is the brown halo that appears after further burning from light yellow. The third stage is dark brown, which is the color halo that appears after further burning from light brown. The fourth stage is black, which is burnt color. The color halo of the above four stages is expressed as the pyrography artist uses different tools and controls the strength of his hands. Because it is carbonized, the burned object will show different shades of marks, and it feels like relief when touched, so it creates a strong sense of concave and convex visually. With the continuous perfection of pyrography art and the continuous improvement of techniques, modern pyrography has developed a series of new techniques such as retouching, hot engraving, sanding, and baking, making the original traditional iron painting more perfect. On this basis, the use of color allows pyrography to go beyond the single dark and light brown. After repeatedly burning the colored iron painting, the color is naturally intertwined, penetrated, and integrated with the brown characteristics. This further expression method makes the original vicissitudes and ancient iron painting bright and young, and presents a modern aesthetic in simplicity. Important value Iron painting has a long history in my country and is widely circulated. According to the fifth chapter of "A Brief Introduction to the Origin of Characters" written by Mr. Kang Yin, a philologist, the evolution of early human branding is introduced. Deng Sanmu's article "Seal Carving" also introduced that "some ancient seals are very large, and many of them have a straight o on them. Judging from the seal text, they are used to brand horses or bells, and most of them are made of iron." As for the branding horse seal, "The Records of Emperor Xiaowen of Wei" in Volume 3 of "Northern History" said: "Zhao Jun was given a seal, and the next was a horse seal." The earliest record of old paintings can be found in "Chinese Artists' Strategies" compiled by Li Fang in the late Qing Dynasty, which said that Zhang Chong, a famous painter in the Tang Dynasty, was good at using carbon bars to brand paintings, and was called Zhang Chong, a skilled painter. In the preface of "Shuangteng Book House" printed in the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty, there is a description of "Luo Yunshan's Fire Song". Luo Yunshan's artificial fire painting, the depth of the Yin and Yang, can be changed by a millimeter. At this point, Chinese iron painting has evolved from the changes in history and culture. Iron painting carries the changes in history and culture and integrates into the torrent of modern culture, and has an increasingly greater impact in China and even around the world. In 1979, a professor from Guangzhou Sun Yat-sen University visited France and found more than a dozen "iron paintings" in the living room of the great writer Hugo. These iron paintings were said to be selected by Hugo himself. This shows from one side that iron paintings, like other arts, have important value and artistic value in cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries. (No pictures yet, welcome to provide.) (No pictures yet, welcome to provide.)