Yao ethnic group called Baiku Yao lives in Nandan, Guangxi. Due to historical and environmental reasons, the clothing art of the Baiku Yao ethnic group has maintained its precious primitiveness, vivid historical significance, rich and colorful, and complete artistry. The Baiku Yao has been recognized by UNESCO as a nation with the most complete ethnic culture and is known as the "living fossil of human civilization." Baiku Yao men Baiku Yao is named because all men wear knee-length white pants. The upper body of Baiku Yao men's clothing is a blue-black stand-up collar and a double-breasted shirt with a chick flower pattern embroidered on each side of the chest. The pants of Baiku Yao men are made of white cloth, and the trouser legs are trimmed with black cloth. The outer edges of the formal tops are trimmed with blue cloth, and the sides of the waist and the lower edge of the back are embroidered with chick flowers and rice patterns. The knees of the white pants are embroidered with five red patterns. It is said that this is the bloody handprint left by the Yao King during the war with foreign tribes. In the patterns of Baiku Yao clothes, chick flowers are the main decoration, which are found on both men's and women's clothes, reflecting the reverence for chickens; Baiku Yao women's clothing is divided into summer and winter. The summer top is called "Gua Yi", which is made of two square pieces of cloth sewn together. The front piece of cloth is a solid black cloth, and the back piece of cloth is made into various patterns by dyeing and embroidery. It is said that the pattern is a seal left by the Yao King. The lower body of the White Pants Yao women wear blue knee-length pleated skirts in all seasons. The skirt surface is painted and dyed with tree sap to form three groups of circular patterns, and the skirt edge is trimmed with red non-woven silk sheets. A rectangular piece of black cloth with blue edges is tied around the waist in front of the skirt to cover the seams of the pleated skirt and also play a role in beauty. The tops and skirts of the White Pants Yao women's clothing are dyed with the sap of the local sticky paste tree. The white cloth used to make clothing must be calendered before drawing to facilitate painting. After the white cloth is treated, it can be painted on with a painting spatula dipped in boiled sticky paste juice. There are three main groups of patterns on the skirts of White Pants Yao women: one group is a continuous combination of diamonds, one group is a continuous human figure pattern, and one group is a solid color. The Bai Ku Yao costumes have a long history and are exquisitely made. The traditional techniques of weaving, dyeing and embroidery are superb and diverse. The patterns are rich and colorful, and the culture is simple and mysterious. It constitutes the unique aesthetic consciousness of ethnic minorities and reflects the wisdom of ethnic minorities. Costume characteristics The Bai Ku Yao costumes have distinct characteristics. Women's tops have two pieces in front and back, and they are worn through the head. Men's white pants are simple and practical, reflecting the ancient traditions and styles. Bai Ku Yao costumes are mainly divided into two categories: men's costumes and women's costumes. Related raw materials and production processes of Bai Ku Yao costumes 1. Bai Ku Yao is a self-sufficient economy where men farm and women weave, and all clothes are homemade. Cotton is planted in April around the time of Grain Rain, and harvested in August and September. Each family plants about one acre every year and produces 25 kilograms of cotton. The harvested cotton is spun after rolling. The cloth is self-woven, and almost every household has a loom. The yarn spun from 25 kilograms of cotton can be woven into a piece of cloth in a month. The width of the cloth is about one foot and five, which can be made into five sets of women's clothing and five sets of men's clothing, a total of ten sets. 2. The tops and skirts of Bai Ku Yao women's clothing are all made with unique tree sap dyeing or tree pulp dyeing technology. The raw material of tree sap dyeing is mainly the local sticky paste tree sap. Every April, tree pits are cut to collect tree sap. After the tree pits are cut, it is generally harvested in 20 days to one month. The collected tree sap is packed in a small salt pot, and some water must be added to the pot. When in use, put it in a pot, burn and heat it with corn stalks below, add an appropriate amount of butter, and boil it until the liquid boils and there are no bubbles before use. 3. The white cloth used by the Bai Ku Yao to make clothes must be calendered before drawing, that is, the white cloth is placed on the pad and smoothed with a wooden stick or pebbles to facilitate painting. After the white cloth is treated, you can use a painting spatula to dip in the boiled sticky paste juice to paint on it. There are large painting spatulas and small painting spatulas. The large painting spatula is mainly used to draw some large straight lines and curves, and the small painting spatula is mainly used to draw some small patterns. The skirts of Bai Ku Yao women have three groups of patterns, one group is a continuous combination of diamonds, one group is a continuous human figure pattern, and one group is a solid color. 4. After the autumn harvest, it is the season for Bai Ku Yao to dye cloth. When dyeing cloth, add a bowl of indigo and a bowl of wine to the dye vat to make the dye. Put the canvas in the dye vat for two hours, take it out, put it on a wooden board to dry until it is half dry, and then put it in the vat to dye. Do this three times a day, then wash it, and continue dyeing after drying. Follow the previous steps 3-5 times. The whole process takes half a month. After that, burn the straw into ash, filter out the alkaline water, put the dyed canvas into the alkaline water and boil it in a pot to remove the sticky paste. Then put the cloth that has been stripped of the sticky paste into the indigo dye vat and dye it again, so that the part that was originally painted with sticky paste is dyed blue. Take it out and dry it, soak it in fern root water to fix the color, pick wild yam, wash and peel it, pound it into pulp, filter the juice, soak the canvas to make it stiff, and then embroider the pattern, and finally sew it into clothes. Clothing of White-Ku Yao Men 1. The White-Ku Yao is named because men all wear knee-length white pants. Men's clothing is divided into formal and casual clothes. Adult men all grow their hair and use white, blue and black long scarves to tie their heads. Generally, white is more common, and black is more particular. White-trousered Yao men usually wrap their heads after marriage. The scarf is about 1.5 meters long and 6 centimeters wide. It is wrapped from the center of the forehead to the back, crossed at the back of the head, and tied into the long hair, and crossed and rolled tightly on both sides of the forehead. 2. The body is a blue-black stand-up collar and a double-breasted shirt with a chicken flower pattern embroidered on each side of the chest. The pants are made of white cloth, with a large and wide crotch and just above the knee. The lower end gradually narrows, and the trouser legs are trimmed with black cloth. The outer edge of the formal top is trimmed with blue cloth, and the sides of the waist and the lower edge of the back are embroidered with chicken flowers and rice patterns. 3. The knees of the white pants of the white-trousered Yao men are embroidered with five red patterns. According to folk legend, this is the blood handprint left by the Yao King during the war with foreign tribes. In the patterns of white-trousered Yao clothes, chicken flowers are the main decoration, and they are on the clothes of both men and women, reflecting the reverence for chickens. According to folklore, there were nine suns in ancient times, eight of which were shot down by the Bai Ku Yao warriors. The remaining one dared not come out, and the world was dark and life was impossible. No matter who went to invite the sun, it would not come out. It is said that the sun would only come out when it heard the cry of an animal. People used saws to cut the horns of cattle, and the cattle cried out in pain, but the sun did not come out. Finally, they used scissors to cut the comb of the chicken, and the chicken made a clucking sound. When the sun heard this sound, it came out and brought light and warmth to people. Therefore, the chicken is particularly respected by the Bai Ku Yao.