Frost Festival

Guangxi
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Frost Festival is a festival to commemorate the heroine Cen Yuyin who resisted foreign invasion. It has a history of more than 360 years. This festival is popular in Xialei, Leiping and Baoxu areas of Daxin County, but its influence has expanded to Tiandeng, Jingxi, Debao and other counties. In the early morning of the day of the frost, people gathered at the Yuyin Temple with glutinous rice cakes, rice, meat, incense and candles for sacrifice. In the Qing Dynasty, not only the people offered sacrifices, but also the state officials had to wear official uniforms and lead the people to worship and offer sacrifices. Although the sacrifices were not held after 1949, the commemorative activities were still very lively, with performances, folk songs, lion dances, and so on. At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the Japanese invasion was not extinguished. Xu Guangzu, the 13th native official of Xialei Tuzhou, was ordered to lead soldiers to the coast of Fujian and Guangdong to fight against the Japanese invasion. Two famous generals, Fang Long and Ma Hualong, accompanied him. While annihilating the Japanese pirates, he also shot dead a giant eagle that hurt people and animals. He was rewarded for his meritorious service. Xu Guangzu was named General Zhaoyi, and Xialeizhou was upgraded to Xialei Tufu. Soon after, the Tufu system was abolished and Xialei Tuzhou was restored. The 14th generation native official Xu Wenying was also ordered to fight against the Japanese pirates. He and his wife Cen Yuyin led their troops to the front line. They both made military exploits and returned triumphantly. The court canonized Xu Wenying as General Fuyi, promoted him to the Lord of Haibei Dao, and conferred him the titles of Prince Shaobao and Fengxun Daifu. This probably happened during the Chongzhen period of the Ming Dynasty. In the 18th year of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, that is, in 1676 AD, the court issued an order to commend him. In the 23rd year (1683), a special fund was allocated to build a screen wall and an octagonal bell and drum tower. There is no evidence to prove when the Frost Festival began, but it is related to the meritorious service of Xu Wenying and Cen Yuyin in the fight against the Japanese invaders. A celebration meeting was held on the day of the Frost Festival, and later generations counted it from the 18th year of Emperor Kangxi's reign. This year marks the 339th anniversary. According to legend, Xu Wenying and Cen Yuyin worked closely together on the anti-Japanese front, won a surprise victory, and dealt a heavy blow to the enemy. Cen Yuyin rode a yellow ox into battle, with her hair disheveled, leading the troops and invincible. The enemy regarded her as a female general riding an ox as a monster, and fled in panic at a loss. At this time, Xu Wenying cooperated with the surprise attack and won the victory. Cen Yuyin's riding an ox to defeat the enemy was also famous. The superior sent a painter to draw her heroic posture in battle and displayed it at the celebration meeting to commend her. Since then, a memorial meeting has been held on the day of the Frost Festival as usual every year. Local people have come one after another, and merchants from far and near have come to admire it. The Frost Festival has developed into a border trade fair with both buying and selling, which has lasted for a long time. The portrait of Cen Yuyin was kept by the native official's office in an exquisite bamboo box, which also contained her battle flag. The native official's family set up an incense table to worship her. This item became a family heirloom and was passed down from generation to generation. Every year at noon on the day of the Frost Festival, the painting was displayed in public, but the time was very short, less than a minute, and then it was put away. When it was displayed, gongs and drums were sounded, and firecrackers were set off, which was very grand. The portrait and flag in the bamboo box were thrown into the river and drowned during the land reform in 1953 as superstitious items. Xu Wenying and his wife had no children. People respectfully called Cen Yiamo, which means General Riding a Bull. After their death, a temple was built to commemorate them. Xu Wenying's temple is located in Longkecheng General Temple, and Cen's temple is located in Longduo, which is now the front pond of Daxin Manganese Mine Guesthouse. It is called Yiamo Temple. Both temples have been destroyed, but the ruins still exist. Cen Yuyin is the daughter of Hurun Tusi Cen Huaiyong. The marriage between Xu and Cen has been passed down as a good story. Until now, the residents of Xialei and Hurun call each other cousins, have a close relationship, and have frequent intermarriages. The daughter of the 15th generation native official of Xialei married the native official of Xiangwu (today's Xiangdu) and came to participate in the commemorative activities every year on the Frost Festival. Because the Frost Festival in Xialei was very lively, the native official's daughter did not want to go back. For this reason, the superior allowed Xiangwu Prefecture to hold the Frost Festival and let the Xialei native official's daughter stay in Xiangwu to host the festival activities, so Xiangwu also has a Frost Festival. The main activities of the Frost Festival are to worship heroes and sing folk songs to carry forward traditions. The activities of the Frost Festival are divided into "before the frost", "during the frost" and "after the frost", and the Zhuang people hold worship, music and dance, and singing folk songs. In the early morning of the Frost Day, people bring glutinous rice cakes, rice, meat, incense and candles to the Yuyin Temple for worship. In the Qing Dynasty, not only the people worshiped, but the state officials also had to wear official uniforms and lead the people to worship. Although no sacrifices were held after 1949, the commemorative activities were still very lively, with performances, folk songs, lion dances, and so on. The evolved Frost Festival is very different from the previous one. In addition to focusing on commemorating national heroines, it also pays more attention to commodity trade on the basis of the original song fair. Traditional festivals are integrated with new connotations. The current Xialei Frost Festival not only focuses on commemorating ancestors and promoting the patriotic spirit of our ancestors, but also injects new cultural connotations such as making friends, showing the new look of Xialei, and improving the taste of Xialei. Under the guidance of the policy of "production development, affluent life, civilized rural customs, democratic management, and clean village appearance" in building a new socialist countryside, Xialei holds basketball, table tennis, tug-of-war, chess and other competitions and holds cultural and sports activities such as literary evenings during the Frost Festival every year to add to the festive atmosphere. Organize rich and colorful cultural and sports activities. During the Frost Festival every year, the Xialei community holds a variety of cultural and sports activities such as men's and women's basketball, volleyball, table tennis, tug-of-war, and chess, which attract teams from various villages in Xialei Town, various manganese mining enterprises, and surrounding counties and towns to sign up for the competition. The exciting competitions attract a large number of people to watch. Villagers from the surrounding Tiandeng, Longzhou, Jingxi and other counties, various towns in Daxin, and even the Vietnamese border villagers come to Xialei to participate in the various activities of the Frost Festival. The various competitions and art performances are wonderful, which feasts the eyes of the Xialei people and gives them a cultural feast. The town's cultural square is crowded with people, and there are cheers, shouts, and laughter everywhere. Culture sets the stage, and the economy plays the show. The popularity of the Frost Festival also attracted many businesses to gather in Xialei. A week before the festival, businesses on the streets of Xialei Town began to prepare to set up sheds and set up points to seize the most advantageous positions. On the day of Frost Descent Festival, both sides of Xialei Street were lined with various temporary stalls selling clothing, home appliances, leather shoes, etc., which was like Xialei's "commercial street". It not only opened the eyes of the people from all over Xialei Town and satisfied their shopping addiction, but also made major businesses make a lot of money.

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