Huanglong Opera

Jilin
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Huanglong Opera is a local opera of the Han nationality in Jilin Province. It is a new local opera created by Nong'an County. It is named because Nong'an was once the famous Huanglong Mansion in the Liao Dynasty. At the beginning of Huanglong Opera, there were only three roles: Xiaosheng, Xiaoqiao and Xiaodan. Later, in practice, it was enriched with Daomadan, Laosheng and Laodan. The music is mainly divided into Sheng, Dan and Chou roles. The singing, performance, makeup and costumes are basically in line with the way of Peking Opera. In 2008, Huanglong Opera was selected into the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage list in my country. Huanglong Opera is based on the music of "Ci Di Ying" (the local folk artist's common name for local shadow play) in the Northeast shadow play that is popular in Nong'an and its surrounding areas, and the folk drama (locally known as "singing things") evolved from "Ci Di Ying" as the basic form. It fully absorbs and draws on local shaman music and dance, folk rap, oral literature, folk tunes and other artistic means to form a local opera with a long artistic tradition, broad cultural foundation and strong local characteristics. Because Nong'an was called Huanglongfu during the Liao and Jin dynasties, it was called Huanglong Opera. The musical tone of Huanglong Opera is based on local shadow puppet music, combined with local folk tunes, qupai, shadow puppet special tunes, incense tunes and other folk music elements, and the music structure adopts a segment form, which can be repeated many times. The whole tune is like a shadow but not a shadow. It is not separated from the mother of "this local shadow tune", maintaining the local rural atmosphere, and has the pattern of changing the style of opera music, reflecting the characteristics of folk and local characteristics, forming a distinct feature, cordial and pleasant. The musical style of Huanglong Opera is based on the basic prototype of the change of the banyan of shadow puppet music, combined with folk dramas and drawing on local folk songs to form various styles with "main tune and green tune" as the two main tunes, including flat board, fast flat board, flat three-eye, andante, flowing board, stack board, scattered board, etc. The roles of Huanglong Opera are divided into four categories: Sheng, Dan, Jing and Chou. The division of the tunes is mainly in the singing method, melody and timbre, not in the sound range. It mainly includes the division of male and female voices, age, singing style and melody, and uses some shadow puppet minor tunes to enrich the process according to the emotions of the characters in the play. Its singing can be divided into two types: Zhengdiao and Qingdiao. There are three sets of voices: female Zhengdiao, female Qingdiao and male Zhengdiao. They are all square music sections with two sentences and rigorous structure. Huanglong Opera uses a small national orchestra for accompaniment. The main instruments are Huanglongqin and Sixian, which are modified on the basis of local Sixian. String instruments include erhu, zhonghu, cello and beidanqin; wind instruments include bamboo flute, suona and sheng; plucked instruments include yangqin, pipa, zhongruan, sanxian and daruan; percussion instruments include board, single skin, small hall drum, big hall drum, gong, cymbals, wooden fish and touch bell. When playing, one person often plays several instruments. The performance form of Huanglong Opera fully draws on the performance characteristics of local folk art, using pictographic freehand brushwork, exaggerated movements, rough lines, and a combination of rigidity and softness; in terms of dance, it absorbs local folk songs and dances, shaman dances and other artistic means, highlighting the ethnic dance styles of Khitan (Liao) and Jurchen (Jin), and costumes and props also highlight nationality and locality; singing and reciting are mainly in Mandarin, mixed with local dialects. The singing style mostly uses a combination of true and false voices, combining Mandarin tones with shadow voices and voices, with a strong personality. Representative repertoires of Huanglong Opera include "Making Trouble Out of Nothing", "Wind and Rain Lotus Flower", "Soul of Huanglong Mansion", "Shengming Tower", "Wuzhu and Yingge", etc. It has won more than 30 awards, including the "Wenhua Award", "Meihua Award", "Kong Sanchuan Opera Music Gold Medal Award", "Prague International Stage Art 'Traditional and Modern Combination' Honor Award", etc. In 1985, Huanglong Opera was included in the "Chinese Opera Yearbook". Huanglong Opera is a unique local traditional opera genre with national, inherited, regional and comprehensive characteristics. It has important historical, cultural, artistic, academic and industrial value and is a precious national cultural heritage.

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