Quzi, also known as Qingqu, is an ancient folk art form that is mainly performed while sitting and singing. In Guanzhong, it is also known as "Mihu Quzi" and "Bench Opera". Gaoling Quzi originated in the Xianfeng period of the Qing Dynasty and flourished during the Republic of China. The performance form of Gaoling Quzi is mainly performed while sitting and singing. Seven or eight actors, each holding a three-stringed instrument, erhu, banhu, dou ong, four-leaf tile, pengling and other instruments, sing and entertain themselves. Most of the old artists are multi-talented and have many skills. Gaoling Quzi has rich tunes. Among the old folk artists, there is a saying that there are "72 major tunes and 36 minor tunes". The four major tunes, "Yue Diao, Beigong Diao, Wugeng Diao and Jinqian Diao", are the most basic and most commonly used. Among them, the moon tune is divided into: "hard moon tune, soft moon tune, moon tail tune"; the back bow tune is divided into: "front back bow tune and back back bow tune"; the five-watch tune is divided into: "hard five-watch tune, slow five-watch tune and five-watch a string of bells"; the gold and silver tune is divided into: "big gold and silver, reverse gold and silver and falling gold and silver tune". In addition, there are also major tunes such as "five-watch bird, a little oil, Lejiang, Xiangjiang, crying, flying kites, pipa tune, ten-mile pile, Sipian, sea tune, full river" which are also commonly used. Minor tunes include: "Xijing, Gang tune, tight complaint, slow complaint, Great Wall, Caihualang, a string of bells, silver silk, Lianxiang, Dinggang, hook tune, boat tune, little girl's feet and noisy tune" and so on. The tunes of Gaoling songs are highly expressive in singing. For example, singing narrative "Shuangguan Gao" or "Family Portrait" with Beijing tunes is very enjoyable. Singing the lyrical "Wugengniao" and "Yin Gong Chuan" with Wugeng tune will express people's sad and resentful emotions vividly. If Gangdiao is used to sing "Du Linying", it can appropriately show the lively scene and cheerful plot. Gaoling Quzi can be sung alone or in conjunction. According to the needs of the repertoire, multiple tunes can be sung in the middle of singing. However, there is a strict singing routine for the combination of tunes. The general rule is: "The moon tune starts and the moon tune ends"; "The moon tune starts with a back bow, and the moon tune ends with a back bow", "The Wugeng tune starts with a moon tune and ends with a moon tune". Gaoling Quzi has a wide range of repertoires, and its content is colorful. Some reflect historical stories, some narrate love stories, but more reflect rural life themes. The repertoires written and sung by old artists include: "Grasshopper Spirit", "Dirty Woman" and "Selling Persimmons". Traditional repertoires include: "Linglong Tower", "Friends' Song", "Out of the Pass", "Irritating Persuasion to Study", "Xiaoguxian", "Xianjiemeng" and "Widow's Love", etc. The biggest feature of Gaoling Quzi is that it does not avoid dialects and vernaculars, has a strong flavor of folk life, and has prominent local characteristics. It is improvised, sung according to the scene, and expressed according to the feelings. Love, hatred, and hatred are expressed in words. It not only retains the simplicity of folk songs, but also has a natural, romantic and wild mood. In terms of structure and form, Gaoling Quzi can be divided into big songs and small songs. Big songs basically have a complete story or a large fragment. Small songs generally have no story, but are a narration of some kind of emotion, or express people's joy, anger, sorrow, or sadness. The lyrics of Gaoling Quzi are neatly arranged and have a combination of long and short sentences. The lyrics of the song are improvised works that are sung and supplemented as the artist's consciousness flows, which are very folk. There are folk songs in various parts of Shaanxi, which are divided into three major sections: East Road, Middle Road, and West Road. Gaoling Quzi belongs to the category of Zhonglu Quzi. Quzi originated early, and it has a history of thousands of years in history. According to the data of this census, Sun Jinyuan is one of the earliest old artists who sings Quzi in Gaoling County. Sun Jinyuan was born in the seventh year of Emperor Xianfeng of the Qing Dynasty (1857). He loves Quzi and is good at playing Sanxian. He is most famous for playing and singing "Guchenghui" and "Wuhuxi". Because he can play and sing, pretend to be whoever he wants, and is versatile, he is known as the "Master of Gaoling Quzi" among the people. Under his influence, Quzi took root among the people. It often appears in weddings and funerals, children's full moons and folk temple fairs. Another artist after Sun Jinyuan was Zhou Shangli, who was born in the third year of Tongzhi (1864) and is now from Zhongwang Village, Yaohui Management Committee. He usually does business, and his shop is called "Tongfayuan". Because he likes to sing Quzi, Quzi artists in the county often gather in his shop to talk about singing. Zhou Shangli can also play and sing. His singing of "Xuemei Mourning" and "Heifang" once caused a sensation in the county. Especially on the second day of the eighth lunar month, the Chenghuang Temple Fair, he was the only one who could perform in the main hall. Without his participation, the singing of Xiaoqu could not be carried out normally. In 1945, "Grasshopper Spirit", which Zhou Shangli wrote and performed by himself, was widely sung in the county and surrounding areas, laying a solid foundation for the creation of Gaoling Quzi. Later, another famous composer of Quzi was Li Wenxian, who was born in Tongyuan Town in 1914 and was good at playing Sanxian. In 1951, he taught at Tongyuan Minzu University and taught Sanxian playing techniques full-time. In 1958, he was invited to go to the Northeast to teach Sanxian playing skills. In March 1983, he worked with the County Cultural Center to collect and organize Gaoling Quzi for more than two months. "Folk Quzi Acapella" was published. The fourth famous singer is Guo Qinghai, born in 1925, from Yuanhou Village, Zhangbu Township, and is a typical figure of the fourth generation of Gaoling Quzi singing. The four-leaf tiles he used for accompaniment are known as a unique one. In his hands, the four-leaf tiles can be turned freely when used for accompaniment, and the collision is sonorous and powerful, with a crisp and bright tone and a strong sense of rhythm. His singing of "The Drunken Concubine" is clear and melodious, with a steady and strange posture, and his appearance and singing are both good. Under the influence of the above four famous Quzi singers, Gaoling Quzi has been sung all the way to this day. Gaoling Quzi has a long history and has a deep foundation among the people. Gaoling Quzi currently has more than 30 members, mainly distributed in Yuanhou Village, Zhangbu Township, Gouqizhao Village, Jijia Management Committee, and Zhongwang Village, Yaohui Management Committee, Gaoling County. In May 2009, it was selected into the second batch of intangible cultural heritage list of Xi'an City, and in June of the same year, it was selected into the second batch of intangible cultural heritage list of Shaanxi Province. (No pictures available, please provide them.) (No pictures available, please provide them.)