Meihu is also known as "Mihu", "Xiaoqu" and "Quzi Opera". It is said that it originated from the love songs in Meixian, Huxian, Zhouzhi, Wugong and Fengxiang. In the late Ming Dynasty, Kang Hai, Wang Jiusi and others advocated the "Kangwang Tune", which included Meihu and other minor tunes. According to old artists, this tune has always been commonly known as "Wind Stirring Snow"; it is also said that it originated from Erhua (Huaxian and Huayin), and later spread to Meixian and Huxian. Because the singing style is similar to "Zhengsheng", the jurisdiction of Zheng State includes the current "Erhua". After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, five routes were gradually formed, namely Fengxiang and Qianyang in the west; southern Shaanxi in the south; northern Shaanxi in the north; "Erhua" in the east; Guanzhong in the middle. The east route gradually spread to southern Shanxi and southeastern Shanxi; the west route gradually spread to eastern Longxi. The tune of Meihu music is flat, with a slight combination of high and low notes, forming 72 major keys and 36 minor keys. Li Bu, a famous artist in northern Shaanxi, has developed and promoted the development of folk opera in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border area by integrating the great achievements of Meihu in northern Shaanxi and northern Shanxi. The Guanzhong region, with "Erhua" and Zhou (Zhi) Hu (County) as the center, has formed different characteristics, making Meihu more Qindi-style. Meihu in Dongxifu gradually integrates the characteristics of minor tunes and songs in Jinzhong and Longdong, and develops into a unique style of East-West Road tunes. "Mihu", a folk legend, makes people fascinated and listen to it. Its melody is elegant and soft, the singing is gentle, the lyrics and dialogues are accompanied by the sound without words, the words are correct and the pronunciation is smooth, the lyrics and dialogues can be heard clearly, and it is the easiest for the people to grasp. In addition, the plots of Quzi Opera are mostly heroes, legends, myths, and marriages. Unlike the "emperors, generals, talented men and beautiful women" that occupy the center of Qinqiang, it is easy for the people, men, women, old and young, to accept it and enjoy it. Before and after the founding of the People's Republic of China, famous repertoires include "Li Yaxian", "Golden Bowl Hairpin" (Hua County), "Qujiang Singer", "Two Bells", "Liang Qiuyan", "Xinghua Village" (Meiwan Troupe of the Provincial Opera Theater), "Huaiyinji" (Baoji) and "Twelve Scythes" in the border areas; famous tunes include "Moon Tune", "Back Bow", "Picking Flowers", "Laozi", "Silver News", "Lian Xiang", "Crying at the Great Wall" (or "Great Wall"), "Ya Hu Diao", etc. Wanwan Opera (formerly known as Hua Opera) was originally a shadow play popular in Dongfu, Shaanxi. During the Qianlong period, Li Fanggui, a juren and famous Wanwan Opera playwright in Weinan County, wrote seven major plays, "Spring and Autumn Match", "Flame Horse", "Ten Kings Temple", "Jade Swallow Hairpin", "White Jade Hairpin", "Purple Cloud Palace", and "Wanfu Lotus", and three plays, "Wengchengzi", "Sicha Sending Letters", and "Xuanxuan Chugu", which became popular in Dongfu and Xi'an, making Wanwan Opera widely spread among the people. Because the musical instrument has a small copper bowl and is equipped with a moon guitar, it forms a unique and delicate musical style that is pleasing to the eye and the ear, so it is named "Wanwanqiang". There is also a legend that the moon guitar was called Ruanxian in ancient times, so this tune is also called "Ruan'erqiang". In Hancheng, Fuping, Heyang, and Huayin in the eastern part of Shaanxi Province, folk shadow plays are mostly performed in this tune; the famous plays in Huaxian and Weinan include "Xian Lianhuan", "Jin Wanchai", "Binghuoyuan" and more than 30 other plays. "Binghuoyuan" and "Jin Wanchai" have been toured in more than 10 provinces and cities including Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou; modern and contemporary celebrities include Li Ruifang, Duan Linju, Wen Xi'ai, Wang Yuxian, etc., as well as Duiwa and Dangwa from Chengcheng County, Yao Zailu, Fan Bing'er, Yang Deqi, Yang Ruqing from Baishui County, etc., are all famous artists of Wanwanqiang, Daoqing and Quzi. Shaanxi Agongqiang, referred to as "Agong" or "Egong", is a type of drama developed from shadow play after the middle of the Qing Dynasty, with a history of nearly 200 years. Initially, this type of opera was performed by shadow puppet artists in Liquan, Fuping, Qianxian, Xingping, and Wugong. Its singing style is similar to Qinqiang, but the pronunciation and toning are often performed with closed throat and nasal sounds. The rhyme is rich and powerful, and both tragic and comedic plots can be played vividly. The lyrics and dialogues are clear, which is deeply loved by all parties. Its instruments are mainly Yueqin and Erxian, and it is equipped with Daqin, flute, Erhu and other literary instruments. In the 10th year of the Republic of China (1921), Wang Wen (died in the 10th year of the Republic of China) and his son Wang Yankai (died in the 18th year of the Republic of China (1929)) and his great-grandson Wang Tiande, who were famous for their Agongqiang in Feige Village, Xinshi Township, Liquan, were famous for their Agongqiang. Their performances of "Treasure Box", "Paintings in White Jade Tower", and "Meeting under the Locust Tree" were praised everywhere, and students rushed to copy and spread them. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, it has developed from the accompaniment of shadow puppets and string plays to stage performances. Fuping and Xi'an in Shaanxi Province have established professional troupes, and have recruited apprentices and trained actors, retaining some famous traditional repertoires. Introduction Daoqing is a kind of singing style in local opera. It originated from the Taoist songs such as "Jiuzhen" and "Chengtian" in the Tang Dynasty. It uses Taoist stories as the theme and promotes the idea of transcendence and transcendence. In the Southern Song Dynasty, fishing drums and simple boards were used as accompaniment instruments, so it was also called "fishing drums". Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it has been popular in various parts of Shaanxi. Features The most famous Shaanxi Daoqing is Mizhi, Jiaxian and Suide, with a strong and powerful singing style and delicate singing; the popular Chang'an and Huaxian Daoqing is famous for its gentle singing style and light tone. The Chang'an Daoqing "The Sage of the Door" is recorded and played on the radio, and the public never tires of listening to it. It is praised as the flavor of Guanzhong. The Southern Shaanxi Daoqing is famous for its delicate and mellow singing. The female voice is crisp, clever and intriguing. Famous songs include "Beating the Gods and Reporting to the Temple", "Old Horse Recruiting Workers" and "Three Meals a Day" from Hanzhong and Ankang (all of which are excellent repertoires of the Shaanxi Provincial Mass Art Performance in 1979). In terms of music, the Southern Shaanxi Daoqing belongs to the "banqiang style" (such as Bangzi Opera). Its characteristic is that it is mainly in the form of "talking and singing" (quiet board). Whether it is talking or singing, it is performed in the intervals of music. The lyrics are fresh and elegant, easy to understand, and mainly seven-character sentences and ten-character sentences. Sometimes there are also "long and short corners", which artists call "threading sentences". Banlu includes slow, --, tight, sharp, and rolling. The slow is the slowest, the 28-ban is slightly faster, the tight is faster, and the sharp, the substitute, and the rolling are freer. There are also various "Mayun" (also known as Mahuang, which is the backstage accompaniment). There are happy and bitter notes in various banlu, but only the rolling has bitter notes. "Mayun" is one of the main factors in the formation of the unique style of Daoqing music in southern Shaanxi. In traditional singing, it is mostly two sentences with one Mayun, and sometimes there is a "crossing ten" form with more than one Mayun. Its tunes include "Flowing Flowers" (i.e., visiting the garden), "Opening the Board", "Snowflakes Falling", "Double Cowherds", "Dressing Table", etc. Suona tunes include "Flowing Water Empty Field" (also known as "Baichang"), "Diliu", "Wawa", "Pomegranate Flowers", "Open the Door", "Mao Dots", etc. In addition to Daoqing, Quzi Opera in Ankang, southern Shaanxi is also a popular opera among the people. The difference between the quzi and the quzi in Guanzhong is that due to the limitation of region and language dialect, for example, "Gemenxian" is different from Chang'an Daoqing. The Ankang quzi "Gemenxian" integrates Daoqing, Meihu and local minor tunes, forming a rich and colorful local flavor; for example, the quzi "Yellow River Array", "Heishui River", "Han Xiangzi Truant School" and "Family Portrait" have elegant tunes and graceful rhymes, which are different from other places. Shaanxi local opera uses folk songs, yangko, and persuasion tunes from various places to perform opera plots, which has developed since the founding of the People's Republic of China. During the Republic of China period before the founding of the People's Republic of China, popular local minor tunes such as "Little Cowherd", "Picking Beans", "Twelve Months Girl Missing Mother", "Flying Kites", "Persuasion Tune", "Watching Pomegranates", "Remembering Foreign Cigarettes", "Ten Visits", "Fourth Brother's Life", "Twelve Chens", "Ten Thoughts", "Ten Love Sisters", "Horse Songs", etc., are mostly used in "Ditan Shehuo" or "Self-Entertainment Class" and "Quzi Club" singing. According to a survey conducted by provincial music workers Yang Cui and He Jun in northern and southern Shaanxi in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, there are no less than a thousand kinds of folk songs, mountain songs, and local tunes. It can be said that they are as numerous as the hairs on a cow, and too numerous to mention. Some tunes were drowned with the times and died because of the death of people. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, various folk songs and tunes came into being, and many tunes were used in opera performances and put on the stage. For example, the Hanzhong City children's drama "Qingcaopo" (written by Wang Defang) is a small opera sung using various tunes; the famous "Lanhuahua" drama is also a large-scale drama compiled and performed using folk songs and tunes from northern Shaanxi. Folk songs and tunes have become an inexhaustible source of musical intonations for various local operas.