Jinghe Haozi, also known as Jinghe Boatman Haozi, is a song sung by boatmen when ferrying people on the Jinghe River. It is mainly spread in Jingyang and Gaoling, Shaanxi Province, and is an intangible cultural heritage of Shaanxi Province. The water flow of the Jinghe River is stable, so the Jinghe Haozi is relatively smooth and melodious; the lyrics of the Jinghe Haozi are few, and the main ones are shouting or calling in the local dialect of Jingyang. Jingyang County is located in the middle of the Guanzhong Plain in Shaanxi Province, in the lower reaches of the Jinghe River. It is the origin of China and is known as the "heart of Guanzhong cabbage". The terrain here is flat, the soil is fertile and the water is beautiful. Historically, it has been known as "the most fertile land in Guannei". Jingyang is located north of the Jinghe River. In ancient times, the north of the water was considered yang, so it was named Jingyang. The Jinghe River enters Jingyang County from Xiejiagou in Wangqiao Town, flows out of the valley at Zhangjiashan, and flows through the entire Jingyang area. Jingyang is named after the Jinghe River, and it also develops because of the nurturing and nourishment of the Jinghe River. The Jing River Basin is the birthplace of the Chinese nation, with a long history and splendid culture. Jingyang, located in the lower reaches of the Jing River, has made the most important historical contribution in the Jing River Basin. In 246 BC, Qin Shihuang began to build the Zhengguo Canal in ten years to divert the Jing River to irrigate the Guanzhong Plain. The head of the canal was chosen in today's Chuantou Village, Wangqiao Township, Jingyang County, which is the valley mouth of the western foot of Zhangjia Mountain. According to the "Historical Records of Rivers and Canals", after the canal was completed, "more than 40,000 hectares of marshland and saltwater were irrigated, and the yield was one liter per mu, so Guanzhong became fertile land and there were no bad years." It provided a supply guarantee for Qin Shihuang to wipe out the six kingdoms and complete the great cause of unification, and then for Liu Bang to defeat Xiang Yu and establish the Western Han Dynasty. The Zhengguo Canal, together with the Lingqu Canal and the Dujiangyan, is known as the three major water conservancy projects of the Qin Dynasty. Later, the Baigong Canal in the Han Dynasty, the Sanbai Canal in the Tang Dynasty, the Fengli Canal in the Song Dynasty, the Wangyushi Canal in the Yuan Dynasty, the Guanghui Canal and Tongji Canal in the Ming Dynasty, the Longdong Canal in the Qing Dynasty, and the Jinghui Canal in the Republic of China were all built based on the remains of the Zhengguo Canal. The Guanzhong region of Shaanxi Province was also the first to be known as the "Land of Abundance" because of these two major water conservancy projects. A song is a folk song that is sung while working. There is a passage in the pre-Qin classic "Lüshi Chunqiu" that says: "Now, those who lift a large tree call out 'Xie Xu' in front, and the people behind also respond. This is a song that encourages strength." The so-called "song of encouragement" is the later labor song. Some collective labors with strong collaboration and labor movements that often change in rhythm and speed require consistent steps and coordinated movements. If there is no unified command, the movements will be uneven, the strength will be dispersed, and the labor will not be able to proceed smoothly. Labor songs are songs that people sing in such labor occasions in order to unify rhythm, coordinate movements, stimulate labor enthusiasm and relieve fatigue. Among folk songs, labor songs occupy an important position. It can be said that labor songs are the earliest root and foundation of folk song tones and an artistic form of expression of the great power of the working people. Ferrying on the Jing River is not only a heavy physical job, but also a collective labor. In order to concentrate the power and coordinate the actions of all boatmen during ferrying, the call and response during work were generated, which is the Jinghe River haozi. It can be said that the Jinghe River haozi has existed since the Jinghe River Ferry, but at the beginning it was just a simple shout and command. Gradually, in order to increase the entertainment of work and integrate with some local folk songs, the boatmen gradually developed a certain rhythm and melody. The Jinghe River haozi repertoire that has been preserved mainly includes "Jinghe River Boatman's Haozi", "Jinghe River Boarding and Disembarking Haozi", "Ship Adjustment Haozi" and "Jinghe River Sailing Haozi". "Jinghe River Boatman's Haozi" is sung by boatmen when they coordinate their actions and master the balance when loading and unloading goods. The leader controls the direction and angle of force, and the accompaniment singers shout in unison to respond to the conductor and unify the force rhythm. "Jinghe River Boatman's Haozi" entertains a heavy labor with simple words and a slightly compact melody, adding a touch of warmth to the boatmen's hard labor life. Accompanied by the diffuse liquor and river breeze, the shouts struggling from the twisted bones of the workers and the notes bouncing from the bulging muscles of the boatmen express the taste of life in a hearty way, which moves the listeners. "Jinghe Cart Loading and Unloading Song" is a special song for boatmen when loading and unloading horse-drawn carts. Because horse-drawn carts generally have a large load capacity, loading and unloading is difficult. When loading and unloading, about ten boatmen are generally required, four on each side, one on each side to control the wheels, and one in front to drive the shaft. The force and angle on both sides must be mastered well, and there must not be any mistakes, otherwise the car will lose balance and fall into the water. Therefore, the overall feeling of loading and unloading songs is relatively compact. When people engage in labor of different intensities, their breathing speed and method are different. The two songs above have different command languages, so the listeners can understand the meaning at a glance. However, if you listen carefully to the accompaniment, you can hear that the accompaniment of the first song is mainly composed of "oh" and "oh", which are generally the sounds made when people lift things, while the first half of the accompaniment of the second song is mainly composed of "hi hey", which is generally made when people lean forward and exert force suddenly, and the second half is mainly composed of "oh oh", which should be used to adjust the car when it has basically arrived. With the rise and fall of the river and the change of water level, the boatmen have to constantly change the docks to find the best place to moor the boat. The water at the dock should not be too deep or too shallow. As the water level changes, the suitable dock is generally upstream of the original dock, that is, it is necessary to go upstream, which is particularly laborious. The song sung when the boat is transferred to the new dock is called "Ship Adjustment Call". The lead and accompaniment of "Ship Adjustment Call" are mainly based on calls, and the intensity and pace are controlled by changing the pitch. Although it is upstream, most people may take it for granted that the melody and rhythm should be rapid and heavy, but the experienced boatmen of Jinghe River have understood the character of Jinghe River and mastered the laws of the river in the long process of fighting with nature. They follow the nature, take advantage of the fluctuation of water, and use their strength skillfully. The tonality is soothing, reaching the state of harmony between man and nature. "Jinghe Boat Song" should be sung when the river is calm and downstream. From the extremely relaxed and joyful sigh of the leader, "Oh, let's go, oh, oh, oh", it is not difficult to see the joyful mood of the boatmen. These bloody men and heroes in the waves have a rare smooth journey. Because the labor intensity is low and the safety factor is high, they have the leisure and mood to enjoy the scenery and charming scenery on both sides of the river, so there are more relaxed and humorous elements in the song. They are moved by the scene, fully show the boatmen's love of life and unrestrained personality, and reflect the boatmen's yearning and expectation for a good life.