Erbil Citadel

World Heritage

Iraq

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Erbil Citadel is a fortification located on top of an imposing ovoid mound (a hill formed by generations of people living and rebuilding on the same site) in the Kurdistan region of Erbil Governorate. A continuous high 19th-century wall still gives the visual impression of an impregnable fortress overlooking the city of Erbil. The citadel features a peculiar fan-shaped pattern that dates back to the late Ottoman period in Erbil. Written and pictorial historical records attest to the antiquity of the site's settlement - Erbil corresponds to ancient Arbela, an important Assyrian political and religious centre - while archaeological discoveries and investigations have shown that the mound conceals layers and remains of previous settlements.

# 19th century high wall

# Assyria

Houses on top of the citadel with the main north–south thoroughfare in the centre

Citadel of Erbil during the restoration work in 2014. Hawler, Erbil, Kurdistan Region

An alley, Citadel of Erbil, during the restoration work in 2014

Restored house façades along the southern perimeter of the citadel

Entrance of Erbil citadel (Front view)

ornaments on the traditional house walls in the citadel of Erbil, Iraq

The door way of a traditional house in the Citadel of Erbil, Iraq

Aerial view of the Erbil citadel

The interior of a Traditional House in the Citadel of Erbil, Iraq

Fifteenth-century depiction of the siege of Erbil by the Mongols in 1258

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Information extracted from Wikidata

image	http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hawler%20Castle.jpg
instance of	tell
executive body	Citadel of Erbil
office held by head of the organization	http://g.co/kg/m/0b87wd
Commons category	Citadel of Erbil
coordinate location	Point(44.009 36.191)
official website	http://www.erbilcitadel.org/arbil
native label	قلعة أربيل
area	15.6
World Heritage criteria	Larousse Encyclopedia online

start time	2014-01-01T00:00:00Z
official name	Erbil Citadel
official name	Ciudadela de Erbil
official name	Citadelle d’Erbil
official name	エルビル城塞
official name	Citadel van Erbil
official name	Цитадель Эрбиль
volume as quantity	Larousse Encyclopedia online
area	268.34
applies to part	buffer zone