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Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression Memorial Hall
The Memorial Hall of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression is the only large-scale comprehensive special memorial hall in the country that fully reflects the history of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression. It is a national first-class museum, a national excellent patriotism education demonstration base, a national national defense education base, a national clean government education base, and one of the first 100 national key red tourist attractions. It is the seat of the secretariat of the Chinese Society of History of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the chairman unit of the Memorial Hall Professional Committee of the China Museum Association. The Memorial Hall of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression is located in Wanping City, on the bank of the Marco Polo Bridge in Beijing, where the Chinese nation's all-out war of resistance against Japanese aggression broke out. Since its establishment in 1987, the Memorial Hall of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression has undergone several developments, especially after a large-scale renovation in 2005, and its appearance has been completely renewed. In front of the hall is the Anti-Japanese War Square with an area of 8,600 square meters. In the center of the square stands the "Lugou Awakening Lion" symbolizing the awakening of the Chinese nation. There are 7 lawns on both sides of the central axis of the square, implying the outbreak of the July 7 Incident and the 14-year war of resistance against Japanese aggression of the Chinese nation. A 14-meter-high flagpole with a white marble base stands on the north side of the square. The exhibition hall's exterior walls covered with milky white marble and the forged copper doors inlaid with the pattern of the Independence and Freedom Medal make the memorial hall particularly solemn and majestic. The basic display of the memorial hall has undergone three changes, and the display area has increased from 1,320 square meters to more than 6,000 square meters. The exhibition content has also become more scientific and objective with the deepening of research and the progress of society, and the display design has increasingly introduced new concepts and new technologies. The large-scale theme exhibition "Great Victory" held in 2005 mainly uses historical pictures and real objects, supplemented by landscapes, oil paintings, sculptures, phantom imaging, film and television and other display methods. It highlights the history of the people of all ethnic groups in the country, including compatriots in Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao, and overseas Chinese, who jointly resisted the invasion of Japanese imperialism under the banner of the Anti-Japanese National United Front advocated by the Communist Party of China and based on the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. It highlights the role of the Communist Party of China as the backbone of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the great national sacrifices and important contributions made by the Chinese nation to the victory of the World Anti-Fascist War, and deeply exposes the heinous crimes committed by the Japanese invaders in the war of aggression against China. The diorama with the theme of the July 7 Incident is also one of the basic exhibition contents of the memorial hall. This exhibition form is the first of its kind in China. It combines huge oil paintings with real objects and models. Through computer-controlled sound, light and electricity technology, the oil paintings immediately become rolling clouds, thick smoke and war, just like being on the battlefield of the Marco Polo Bridge Incident. In addition to the basic exhibition, the memorial hall has also launched more than 70 special exhibitions since its establishment, including "Exhibition of Evidence of Japanese Aggression against China", "Exhibition of Chemical Warfare Crimes of Japanese Aggressors against China", "Exhibition of Crimes of Japanese Army Unit 731 Bacteriological Unit", "Photo Exhibition of Anti-Japanese Struggle of Taiwan Compatriots", "Exhibition of Joint Anti-Japanese Historical Facts of the Air Force of China, the United States and the Soviet Union in the Chinese Theater", and "Shout for the War of Resistance - The Communist Party of China and the Literature and Art of the War of Resistance". These special exhibitions are not only a supplement and deepening of the basic exhibitions, but also play an important role in further strengthening patriotism education. The Memorial Hall of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression is also an important window for people from all over the world to understand the history of China's War of Resistance. Since its opening in 1987, it has received dignitaries from more than a dozen countries, including Japanese Prime Minister Tomiichi Murayama, and more than 300,000 visitors from more than 80 countries and regions. It has also held exhibitions on the theme of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression in countries and regions such as Japan, the United States, Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macao, strengthening exchanges and cooperation with these countries and regions. So far, the Memorial Hall of the Chinese People's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression has received more than 16.6 million visitors from home and abroad. With the strong support of all sectors of society, the Memorial Hall of the Chinese People's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression will strive to become a first-class patriotism education base and red tourism scenic spot in the country, a base for collecting and researching materials on the history of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, and an important window for external publicity and exchanges.
Former Residence of Zhang Zizhong
Zhang Zizhong's Former Residence is a two-story Western-style building with a brick-wood structure (partially three-story). The upper and lower inner corridors are supported by columns in front of the building, and there are symmetrical convex polygonal rooms on both sides of the building. In 1936, Zhang Zizhong bought this vacant land in the name of "Qing'an Hall" and built this building. The facade of the house follows a modern minimalist style, using local materials from Tianjin, and the shape is simple and unpretentious. Zhang Zizhong was the highest-ranking Chinese general who died on the front line during the Anti-Japanese War, and was posthumously awarded the title of Army General. Zhou Enlai wrote a eulogy for Zhang Zizhong, saying: "His loyalty and heroic spirit can be regarded as the soul of Chinese soldiers in the Anti-Japanese War."
Beijing Jiaozhuanghu Tunnel Warfare Site Memorial Hall
The Beijing Jiaozhuanghu Tunnel Warfare Site Memorial Hall is located in Jiaozhuanghu Village, Longwantun Town, northeast of Shunyi District, 60 kilometers away from Beijing city. It is an important war site where the Chinese people fought against the Japanese invaders during the Second World War. It was built to commemorate the heroic Jiaozhuanghu people's great historical contributions to the Anti-Japanese War and the War of Liberation by using tunnel warfare. During the war, Jiaozhuanghu Village belonged to the Jidong Anti-Japanese Base Area and was the only way to the Pingxi and Pingbei base areas. In 1943, under the leadership of the Party, the old village chief Ma Fu began to lead the villagers to dig tunnels. It took three years to dig and build a tunnel network with Jiaozhuanghu Village as the center and radiating to the surrounding villages. The tunnel is 23 miles long and is a "four-capable" tunnel that can walk, hide, fight and defend. The Jiaozhuanghu militia used the various advantages of the tunnel and cooperated with the local armed forces to fight the enemy more than 150 times, inflicting heavy damage on the enemy, and made outstanding contributions to the fight against the Japanese fascist invasion and the liberation of the motherland. Due to its outstanding military exploits, the Shunyi County People's Government awarded Jiaozhuanghu Village the glorious title of "People's First Fortress" in November 1947. The "Jiaozhuanghu Tunnel War Site" records the history of the Chinese nation's anti-Japanese struggle and the revolutionary history of the Jiaozhuanghu people's fight against the Japanese invaders. It is an underground battlefield left by the anti-fascist war and the achievements of the Beijing people's anti-Japanese and anti-fascist struggle. In order to commemorate the heroic deeds of the revolutionary martyrs and educate the people on patriotism, the "Jiaozhuanghu Militia Revolutionary Struggle History Exhibition Hall" was established in 1964. In 1979, the Beijing Municipal Government designated it as a "Beijing Key Cultural Relics Protection Unit" and renamed it "Beijing Jiaozhuanghu Tunnel War Site Memorial Hall". It was officially opened to the public in October 1987. Since 1987, governments at all levels have successively invested in the renovation of the memorial hall, expanding roads, repairing tunnels, building new exhibition halls, and restoring anti-Japanese residential houses. At present, the memorial hall is divided into three visiting areas, namely the exhibition hall visiting area, the tunnel visiting area, and the anti-Japanese residential visiting area. On March 28, 2008, as one of the first 100 free museums and memorial halls in China, it was opened to the public free of charge, receiving an average of 400,000 visitors per year. The Beijing Jiaozhuanghu Tunnel Warfare Site Memorial Hall is the only patriotism education base in Beijing that focuses on tunnels. It is the only national patriotism education demonstration base, national red tourism scenic spot, national key cultural relic protection unit, national anti-Japanese war memorial site in Shunyi District, and also a Beijing anti-corruption education base.
Ranzhuang Tunnel Ruins
Ranzhuang Village, Qingyuan County, Hebei Province, is located on the Jizhong Plain 30 kilometers southwest of Baoding City, between Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang and Cangzhou. The famous tunnel warfare in the history of Chinese and foreign wars took place here. After the "July 7 Incident" in 1937, the Japanese army invaded the south on a large scale, adopted the tactics of "iron wall encirclement" and "vertical and horizontal combing", carried out the genocidal "big sweep", and implemented the "burn all, kill all, rob all" policy. With their intelligence and creativity, the people of Ranzhuang cleverly designed various fortifications and tunnel entrances, deployed different combat methods, and created extraordinary achievements in an ordinary village, and was hailed as a model village for tunnel warfare. Marshal Nie Rongzhen once wrote an inscription for this: "The elusive and surprising tunnel warfare was a great initiative of the North China people to defend their country, launch guerrilla warfare, and defeat stubborn enemies in the plains. In August 1959, the Ranzhuang Tunnel War Memorial was completed. Marshal Nie Rongzhen wrote the name of the museum, and General Yang Chengwu wrote the plaque "Ji Zhong Ranzhuang Tunnel War Exhibition Hall" for the exhibition hall. The exhibition hall of the Ranzhuang Tunnel War Memorial covers an area of 980 square meters. There are a large number of precious cultural relics in the hall, mainly pickaxes, shovels, windlasses and lighting lamps used for digging tunnels; gongs, bugles and ox horns used by militias to assemble and fight; earthen guns, earthen cannons, Retrieved bullets and used tools; relics, poems, materials, photos, award flags and anti-Japanese support equipment of martyrs. On March 4, 1961, the Ranzhuang Tunnel War Site was listed as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council. In 1995, it was designated as the "Hebei Province Patriotism Education Base".
Langya Mountain
Langya Mountain is located in the southwest of Yi County, Hebei Province. It consists of five 36 peaks. The main peak, Lotus Petal, is 1,105 meters above sea level. The mountain is steep and upright, like a giant wolf's tooth of uneven length, so it is named "Langya Mountain". The main peak, Lotus Petal, is 1,105 meters above sea level. The northwest two sides are steep cliffs, and the southeast two sides are slightly lower. There is a narrow path leading to the main peak. "Yanwang Nose" and "Little Devil Face" and other dangerous places still need to pass by the wall. Climbing up and looking far away, the peaks stand in a row, rugged and steep, like wolf's teeth, and the fog in the stream is ethereal and mysterious. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the Japanese army swept Langya Mountain. In order to cover the retreat of the main force, the Eighth Route Army soldiers Ma Baoyu, Ge Zhenlin, Song Xueyi and other five people fought for 5 hours, fired the last bullet, and bravely jumped off the cliff. In 1942, in order to commemorate the heroic deeds of the five warriors, a memorial tower for the five warriors was built on the main peak of Langya Mountain, Qipantuo. It was rebuilt in 1958, and Marshal Nie Rongzhen personally wrote "Memorial Tower of the Five Warriors of Langya Mountain". "Langya Jingxiu" is one of the ancient landscapes of ancient Yandu, known as the "Little Huangshan Mountain in the North". The main landscapes include the Red Agate Cave and Qipantuo. Langya Mountain is a national patriotism education base, a national forest park, and one of the 100 classic red tourist attractions in China.
Baoding Museum
Since its opening, in order to enrich the spiritual and cultural life of the general public, the museum has successively held exhibitions such as "Celebrating the 50th Anniversary of the Liberation of Baoding City", "For Tomorrow - Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency Exhibition", "Blood-stained Monument" - Exhibition of the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea, and "Large-scale Wild Rare Animal Specimens Exhibition". In particular, the "Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency" exhibition pioneered the large-scale exhibition in Baoding City. Once launched, the exhibition aroused strong social response, gave young people a vivid legal and moral education lesson, and achieved huge social benefits. The exhibition successfully toured two provinces and five cities, received a total of 160,000 visitors, gave more than 1,600 lectures, and received more than 700 impressions.