Intangible culture with Related Tags
Peking Opera
Peking opera, also known as Pingju or Jingxi, is the most influential Chinese opera. It is distributed throughout the country with Beijing as the center. Starting from the 55th year of Emperor Qianlong's reign in the Qing Dynasty, the four major Anhui troupes, Sanqing, Sixi, Chuntai and Hechun, which originally performed in the south, entered Beijing one after another. They cooperated with Han opera artists from Hubei, and accepted some repertoires, tunes and performance methods of Kunqu and Qinqiang, and absorbed some local folk tunes. Through continuous communication and integration, Peking opera was finally formed. In literature, performance, music, stage art and other aspects, Peking opera has a set of standardized artistic expression programs. The singing style of Peking opera belongs to the board-style variation, with Erhuang and Xipi as the main vocal styles. Siping tune, anti-Siping tune, Han tune, etc. are all subordinate to Erhuang, while Nanbangzi and Wawa tune are subordinate to Xipi. Erhuang has a steady melody, a slow rhythm, and a thick and solemn singing style; Xipi has a large melody with a compact rhythm and a bright and smooth singing style. Peking opera accompaniment is divided into two categories: civil and martial. The civil use of huqin (jinghu), jingerhu, yueqin, string, flute, suona, etc., with huqin as the main instrument; martial use of drum board as the main instrument, followed by small gong and big gong. Peking opera roles are divided into Sheng, Dan, Jing, Chou, Za, Wu, and Liu. The last three are no longer separate. There are more detailed divisions within each line, such as the Dan line has Qingyi, Huadan, Daomadan, Wudan, and Laodan. In addition to the natural attributes of the characters, the main basis for the division is the character's personality characteristics and the creator's praise and criticism of the characters. Each line has a set of performance routines, and the skills of singing, reciting, acting, and fighting are unique. Peking opera mainly tells historical stories. There are more than 1,300 traditional plays, and more than 300 or 400 are often performed. Among them, "Yuzhou Feng", "Yutangchun", "Changbanpo", "Gathering of Heroes", "Fishing and Killing the Family", "Empty City Plan", "Drunken Concubine", "Sanchakou", "Wild Boar Forest", "Second Visit to the Palace", "Picking up the Jade Bracelet", "Picking the Carriage", "Four Scholars", "Searching for Orphans and Saving Orphans", "Farewell My Concubine", "Silang Visits His Mother" and other plays are well-known to the audience. After the founding of New China, Peking opera adapted, transplanted and created some new historical plays and modern works, including "The Reconciliation of the General and the Prime Minister", "Mu Guiying Takes Command", "The Female Generals of the Yang Family", "Hai Rui Dismissed from Office", "Cao Cao and Yang Xiu", "Sha Jiabang", "The Red Lantern", "Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy", "Dino", "Camel Xiangzi" and so on. There are two types of Peking opera: the Beijing style and the Shanghai style. Many outstanding actors have appeared in different periods, such as Cheng Changgeng, Yu Sansheng, Zhang Erkui, Mei Qiaoling, Tan Xinpei, Sun Juxian, Wang Guifen, Liu Hongsheng, Tian Guifeng, Yu Ziyun, Chen Delin, Wang Yaoqing, etc. in the late Qing Dynasty, and Yu Shuyan, Yan Jupeng, Gao Qingkui, Ma Lianliang, Yang Baosen, Mei Lanfang, Cheng Yanqiu, Xun Huisheng, Shang Xiaoyun, Zhou Xinfang, Jin Shaoshan, etc. in the Republic of China. Peking opera has spread all over the country and has a wide influence. It is known as the "national opera". It has traveled all over the world and has become an important means of introducing and spreading Chinese traditional culture. The Peking opera performance system named after Mei Lanfang has been regarded as a representative of the oriental drama performance system, and is known as the world's three major performance systems together with the Stanislavsky and Brecht performance systems. Peking opera is an important form of expression of China's national traditional culture, and many of its artistic elements are used as symbols of Chinese traditional culture. However, with the changes in society in recent years, the distance between Peking Opera art and the aesthetic taste of contemporary people has gradually widened, the audience has dropped sharply, and the repertoire has shrunk. How to achieve the protection and revitalization of Peking Opera has become an issue that needs to be urgently addressed.
Cantonese Opera
Cantonese opera is a drama style sung in Cantonese with a history of more than 300 years. Cantonese opera absorbs multiple musical and dramatic elements, perfectly combines the bangzi and erhuang vocal tunes with the Cantonese dialect, creatively expands the artistic expression of Chinese opera, and becomes the epitome of Chinese northern and southern opera art, which is very different from other Chinese opera genres. As the most influential Chinese opera genre in the Cantonese dialect area and the most representative overseas, Cantonese opera, with its diverse and unique performance forms, permeates the traditional and modern life of Lingnan, and becomes an important medium for ethnic identity and cultural exchange.
Heritage with Related Tags
Li Shaochun Memorial Hall
The Li Shaochun Memorial Hall was planned and written by a famous opera critic and architectural expert. During the preparation process, the opinions of Li Shaochun's relatives were sought many times; dozens of leaders of higher-level departments, well-known opera critics and famous opera performing artists were invited twice to come for guidance; more than ten provinces and cities were visited, experts, scholars, insiders, collaborators, etc., and materials for the construction and exhibition were collected from many sources. With the strong support of people from all walks of life, the Li Shaochun Memorial Hall was opened on November 4, 2006, the 87th anniversary of Li Shaochun's birth. The Li Shaochun Memorial Hall is located on Yijin Middle Road in Bazhou City. It consists of three parts: the VIP Hall, the exhibition hall entrance and the classical small theater, with a total area of 3,000m2.
Old Town Pear Garden
The "Old City Little Pear Garden" is located in the Tianjin Old City Museum, which has a history of 100 years and is the only well-preserved typical traditional courtyard house in Tianjin. It is located on Gulou East Street, Nankai District, Tianjin, the former Old City Area. The teahouse covers an area of 200 square meters and can accommodate nearly 100 people at the same time. The interior decoration is exquisite and elegant, allowing the audience to enjoy the unique artistic charm of the old city culture while enjoying the audio-visual enjoyment. "Old City Little Pear Garden" is based on the overall positioning of the performance direction to create a high-quality performance venue for the essence of opera culture in Tianjin. It is a comprehensive performance teahouse integrating crosstalk, opera, tea art, business and leisure.
Beijing Opera House
The Beijing Liyuan is located in Pingfang, Chaoyang District, at the southeast corner of the intersection of the Airport Second Channel and the East Fifth Ring Road. It has convenient transportation and a superior geographical location. The park covers an area of 930 mu. It was originally an ecological forest Fengshui pear orchard and nursery. In 2007, it was one of the parks built in Beijing's "Suburban Park Ring" and was comprehensively upgraded and renovated. It was officially opened on the eve of May 1, 2008, and is one of the suburban parks open to tourists for free. "Liyuan" as an official department for teaching singing, dancing, music and acrobatics began in the Tang Dynasty. With the evolution of history, "Liyuan" has become a synonym for Chinese traditional culture--opera. The five groups of flower stands in the Liyuan Xiaoyu symbolize the five types of roles in opera, namely Sheng, Dan, Jing, Mo and Chou. It is a place for Liyuan fans and opera fans to exchange and practice. The Beijing Grand Theater and Opera Museum will soon be built in the northwest of the park, which will coordinate and echo the theme of the Beijing Liyuan and enrich the cultural connotation of the Beijing Liyuan. The completion of the Beijing Pear Garden is a gratifying achievement in implementing the scientific development concept and accelerating environmental construction in Pingfang District. It is a beneficial measure for the district to pay attention to people's livelihood and build a harmonious society. It is also a great gift for the local people to welcome the Olympic Games, fully support the Olympic Games and successfully hold the Olympic Games in Beijing. After the opening of the Beijing Pear Garden, it enriched the cultural life of the masses, improved the functions of the city, and enabled citizens to cultivate their character, amuse themselves and improve their intelligence in a beautiful ecological environment, thus constructing a harmonious picture of harmony between man and nature, and unity between heaven and earth and man.